Synthetic diamond electrodes

A polycrystalline synthetic diamond electrode was used, values of A o range between 6-10 and 2.4-10 cm s . 

A synthetic diamond electrode was used values of range between 8.5-10 and 1.2-10 cm s. ... 

The determination of threshold energies as shown in the inset is based on a modified display of the obtained photocurrent spectrum (see Fig. 5.125). The two linear sections yield two threshold energies, for a detailed treatment, see [722]. Measurements of photocurrents at p-iypc synthetic diamond electrodes that have wavelengths ranging from Xq = 193 to 351 nm yielded results implying that only illumination with the short wavelength (supra-bandgap illumination) was able to excite electrons into the conduction band [723]. 

Manufacturing of industrial of industrial carbons, graphite electrodes, anodes, midget electrodes, graphite blocks, graphite crucibles, gas carbons, activated carbon, synthetic diamonds, carbon black, channel black, and lamp black... 

Since boron-doped diamond electrodes are commercially available, most of these suppliers offer a wide variety of electrolysis cells. Modular electrochemical cells equipped with BDD electrodes have been reported in detail [122]. However, most of these cells were designed for waste water treatment and were not suitable for electrosynthesis in organic media. Electrolysis cells for synthetic purposes designed for a small volume made of organic-compatible materials are required. Additionally, any contact of the support with the organic electrolyte has to be strictly eliminated in order to avoid the corrosion. Most BDD electrodes are on a silicon support which causes eventual loss of the BDD electrode by the brittle nature of crystalline silicon. Consequently, the material used for sealing has to be inert but soft enough to avoid friction of the silicon support. The available BDD... 

Boye B, Michaud PA, Marselli B, Dieng MM, Brillas E, Comninellis C (2002) Anodic oxidation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on synthetic boron-doped diamond electrodes. New Diamond Front Carbon Technol 12 63-72... 

Synthetic Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes Their Preliminary Characterization. 219... 

Fdti, G. and ComnineUis, Ch. (2004) Electrochemical oxidation of organics on iridium oxide and synthetic diamond based electrodes. In R.E. White, B.E. Conway, C.G. Vayenas and M.E. Gamboa-Adelco (Eds.), Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Vol. 37. Plenum, New York, NY, pp. 87-130. 

Canizares, P., Diaz, M., Dominguez, J. A., Garcia-Gomez, J. and Rodrigo, M. A. (2002) Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous phenol wastes on synthetic diamond thin-film electrodes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41,4187 1194. 

Gandini, D., Comninellis, C., Perret, A. and Haenni, W. (1999) Anodic oxidation of organics on synthetic diamond thin-film electrodes. ICHEME Symp. Series 145, 181-190. 

Perret A., Haenni W., Skinner N., Tang X.-M., Gandini D., Comninellis C., Correa B. and Foti G. Electrochemical behaviour of synthetic diamond thin film electrodes, Diam. Relat. Mater. 8 (1999) 820. 

Panizza, M., Zolezzi, M. and Nicolella, C. (2006) Biological and electrochemical oxidation of naphthalenesulfonates. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 81,225-232 Park, T.J., Lee, K.H., Jung, E.J. and Kim, C.W. (1999) Removal of refractory organics and color in pigment wastewater with Fenton oxidation. Water Sci. Technol. 39, 189-192 Perret A., Haenni, W., Skinner, N., Tang, X.M., Gandini, D., Comninellis, Ch., Correa B. and Fori G. (1999) Electrochemical behaviour of synthetic diamond thin film electrodes. Diam. Relat. Mater. 8, 820-823... 

Boron-doped diamond electrodes — Electrode material made from synthetic diamond (- diamond electrode) for example via vapor deposition techniques. In an atmosphere of methane (as a carbon source) and hydrogen (as etchant) at ca. 600 °C diamond seeds tend to grow whereas graphitic carbon deposits are etched... 

Diamond electrode — Electrode made from - boron-doped diamond or similar doped diamond materials. Diamond, natural or synthetic, exhibits some exceptional material properties such as low thermal expansion, optical transparency for visible, IR, and microwave radiation, mechanical strength, and shock resistance [i]. 

Part VI discusses novel advanced electrocatalytic materials, including polymer-embedded nanoparticle electrodes for PEM fuel cells and synthetic diamond-supported electrocatalyst nanoparticles for toxic organic compound treatment. 

Zhutaeva, G.V., K.A. Radyushkina, M.A. Marinich, G.P Bogat5reva, and M.R. Tara-sevich (2001). Electrocatalysis of the oxygen reaction on electrodes prepared using disperse synthetic diamond promoted with cobalt porphyrin and its pyropolymer. Russ. J. Electrochem. 37, 1059-1064. 

CA. (2011) Ozone generation using boron-doped diamond electrodes, in Synthetic Diamond Films Preparation, Electrochemistry, Characterization, and Applications (eds Y. Meas, LA. Godinez, and E. Bustos), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. 

The use of boron-doped diamond electrodes in nondestructive and synthetic applications in preparative organic chemistry has just started. The reported examples are not yet on a technical production level. But the clear advantages indicate successful applications in the near future. Remaining challenges for the technical use of BDD electrodes are the corrosion of the support material of BDD anodes when working in nonaqueous media on one hand [2] and the competing electrochemical incineration due to the highly reactive intermediates on the other hand. In a few cases, the specific reactivity of BDD... 

Kapalka A, Baltruschat H, Corrmineffis C (2011) Electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds induced by electro-generated free hydroxyl radicals on BDD electrodes. In Brillas E, Martinez-Huitle CA (eds) Synthetic diamond films preparation, electrochemistry, characterization and applications. Wiley, Hoboken/New Jersey... 

Medeiros, R.A., Lourencao, B.C., Rocha-Filho, R.C. and Fatibello-Filho, O. (2012) Flow injection simultaneous determination of synthetic colorants in food using multiple pulse amperometric detection with a boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta, 99, 883-889. 

Application of Synthetic Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes in Electrooxidation Processes... 

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