Synthesis concepts

Process. synthesis. Concept development, construction of flowsheets for new processes, and redesign or modification of existing process flowsheets. 

Lucien A. Schmit, The Structural Synthesis Concept and Its Potential Role in Design with Composites, in Mechanics of Composite Materials, Proceedings of the Sth Symposium on Naval Structural Mechanics, F. W. Wendt, H. Llebowitz, and N. Perrone (Editors), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 8-10 May 1967, Pergamon, New York, 1970, pp. 553-582. 

J. Euhrhop, Organic Synthesis. Concepts, Methods, Starting Materials, 2nd ed., Verlag-Chemie, Weinheim, 1994. 

Organic Synthesis - Concepts, Methods, Starting Materials Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition With a Foreword by E. J. Corey... 

E. J. Corey and X.-M Chang, The Logic of Chemical Synthesis, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1989. J.-H. Furhop and G. Penzlin, Organic Synthesis Concepts, Methods, and Starting Materials, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. 

For other concepts in nanometer size architectures see Fuhrhop J, Penzlin G (1994) Organic synthesis concepts, methods, starting materials, 2nd rev ed. VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo... 

With the details associated with ADMET chemistry reasonably well understood, we have embarked on a study of the synthesis of well-controlled polymer structures via metathesis polycondensation chemistry [37]. A series of well-defined polyolefins have been designed to model the crystallization behavior of polyethylene and its related copolymers, including new materials synthesized by metallocene-based catalysts. This synthesis concept has been reduced to practice, and polymers that will aid in the understanding of branching within polyethylene itself have been produced. 

The regio- and stereo-selective functionalization of aldonolactones yields optically active lactones, which are important precursors in natural product synthesis. Concepts such as chiral templates and chirons, derived from carbohydrates, have been ingeniously and widely applied in synthesis (233). Among the commercially available aldonolactones, D-ribono-1,4-lactone is... 

The development of the synthesis concept described here for metalloid clusters should ultimately be capable of extension to element combinations and therefore molecular nanostructured alloys, as several results on metalloid SiAl and SiGa clusters have shown [114, 88, respectively]. Such mixed clusters resemble the Zintl-type compounds that are under intense investigation by Corbett et al. [115, 124-126],... 

These spacers, in turn, are acylated and derivatized by a A -hydroxy group thus forming hydroxamic acids. For a synthesis concept see 404). 

J.-H. Furhop and G. Penzlin, Organic Synthesis Concepts, Methods, and Starting Materials, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. 

Condensation polymerization and stepwise addition polymerization are, for example, applied for the preparation of block polyesters. The synthesis concepts are different from those of chain polymerization in that at least one monomer is an oligomer with one or two functional end groups, for example polytetrahy-drofurane with a molecular weight of several hundred and OH-end groups (see Example 3-23). If this oligomer partially replaces butandiol in the condensation polymerization with terephthalic acid (compare examples 4-1 and 4-2), a po-ly(ether ester) is obtained with hard ester segments and soft ether segments and with the properties of a thermoplastic elastomer. 

Reactions of the Nitroso Group. Up until recently, the chemistry of N-nitrosamines was restricted to the reaction involving the nitroso group. It was not until the usefulness of N-nitros-amines in synthesis [concept of "Umpolung (3.)] was demonstrated, that the long-known denitrosation of N-nitrosamines became impor-... 

Organic Synthesis. Concepts, Methods, Starting Materials... 

Organic synthesis concepts, methods, starting materials /... 

For the synthesis of LSGM, two different synthesis concepts were applied. In both routes, nitrate salts of each constituent cation were selected as the cation source. PVA ( Steric entrapment method14), CA, TA, EDTA, or Pechini precursors (with 60% CA - 40% and EG, or 90% CA - 10% EG mixtures) were used as the organic carrier materials in solution. In the synthesis of LSGM with EDTA as the carrier material, nitric acid was the solvent. In the second production route, nitrate salt of each constituent cation was dissolved in distilled water without any organic molecule. 

In the C. F. Braun (today Brown Root) ammonia synthesis concept [915]-[920], separate vessels were used for the two catalyst beds of the original version. The feed-effluent heat exchanger was located between the first and second reactor vessel, and the second catalyst vessel was followed by a waste-heat boiler for hi i pressure steam. This basic concept was already introduced in the heyday of the quench converters and prior to the first energy crisis. Today Brown and Root uses three catalyst... 

We have now succeeded in the development of two new methods for the preparation of organofunctional silanes, both involving electroreductive coupling. The first synthesis concept comprises the anionic cleavage of electrochemically formed disilanes and subsequent reaction with organic halides, whereas the second even more general route involves the direct electrochemical Si-C bond formation. 

Figure 1. Synthesis concepts for the preparation of mesoporous silica spheres.

Zhang, Q. S., Rivkin, A. and Curran, D. P. (2002) Quasiracemic synthesis concepts and implementation with a fluorous tagging strategy to make both enantiomers of pyridovericin and mappicine. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 5774—5781. 

Although the kinetic approach should be preferable, the decision must depend on the overriding total synthesis concept. The largest industrial scale application of the equilibrium approach is probably the enzymatic synthesis of Z-Asp-Phe-OMe, the precursor of the peptide sweetener aspartame 115l The best known use of trans-peptidation technology is the large scale conversion of porcine insulin into human insulin by trypsin[U6 or Achromobacter lyticus protease 117. ... 

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