Syntax example

Notice that single quotes are required for text values and that the built-in SQL function current timestamp can be used to supply a valid timestamp. The order of the columns need not be the same as the order used in the create command. However, the order of the data in the Values clause of the Insert command must correspond exactly with the order of the columns as named in the command. There is a short-cut syntax of the Insert command that does not require column names. It should be avoided in favor of the syntax example above. There are other... 

As this short example shows. PDB files use different syntax for different records and both writing and reading such files require much effort. Another problem is the extensibility of this format to handle new kinds of information, which further complicates the file structure. The Protein Data Bank has been faced with the consequences - the existing legacy data comply with several different PDB formats, so they are not uniform and they arc more difEcuh to handle (145, 155, 157]. As mentioned in Section 2,9.7.1, there is a much more flexible and general way of representing molecular structure codes and associated information - the STAR file format and the file formats based on it. 

The CIF format not only defines its dictionary of available data names, but restricts the STAR file syntax as well. For example, lines may not exceed 80 characters and data names can contain a maximum of 32 characters. Furthermore, the CIF dictionaiy specifies default units for numeric fields that represent numeric values with units. If the data item is not stored in the default units, then the units code is appended to the data name. Thus cell length a and cell length a pm represent the dimensions ofthe unit cell in Angstrom (the default units conforming to the SI Standard) and picomclcrs, respectively. 

The syntax and semantics of the typing rules in a chem.rul file are included in the HyperChem Reference Manual. The following example illustrates their use. The five AMBER types for oxygen atoms shown above are defined in chem.rul by the following rules ... 

When we want to take an element from a set it is simply a matter of using the correct syntax. For example, as we discussedbefore, to take the fifth element from the dataset we... 

The syntax for implementing this in an actual expert system is, of course, quite diverse and it is beyond the scope of this book to describe this in more detail. As an example the above-mentioned mle is translated in a realistic syntax. This starts by the definition of the attributes and their possible values. In this examples two attributes must be defined ... 

Primary molybdenum ores at a relatively coarse grind go through an initial stage of flotation. At Climax Molybdenum, for example, the first separation is made at 35% + 100 mesh. The flotation system uses vapour oil as a promoter and pine oil as frother. A sulfonated coconut oil (syntax) is added to the system to emulsify the oil. 

In this appendix, we illustrate how E-Z Solve may be used for each of these types of problems. We expand on the basic features of E-Z Solve described in the Help and Help/tutorial menus in the software. The file Appendix.msp in the E-Z Solve software contains the equations used to solve examples D-l to D-4 which follow. The main elements of the syntax are also printed within this appendix. 

Comments may be delimited by a double slash ( // ), in which case only one set is required, or by a slash and star, in which case / represents the beginning of a comment, and / represents the end of a comment. Both forms are illustrated in the syntax for the example shown above. 

Unlike the previous editor example, some collaborations do not have a head object of which they are a part. There are no specific external actions on the objects that are being realized by the collaboration. These collaborations are shown in a dashed box to indicate the grouping. An open collaboration can have all the syntax of an encapsulated collaboration except that there is no self. Like a type box, an open collaboration has a name, an internal section with participant types and internal actions, and an external section that applies to all other actions. 

This is not the same thing as a state chart showing how different orderings actually result in achieving different abstract actions. The actions of a collaboration may have many possible sequences in which they can sensibly be used, but each abstract action consists of only certain combinations of them. For example, there are many combinations in which it makes sense to press the keys of a UNIX terminal. The keystrokes and the responses you get on the screen are a collaboration. But there is a more abstract collaboration in which the actions are the UNIX commands. To form any one of these commands, you press the keys in a certain sequence given by the syntax of the shell language. The overall sensible-sequences state chart is more permissive than the state chart that realizes any one abstract command. 

A concrete package is one documented in the UML syntax concrete import is the relationship whereby statements of one concrete package are adopted as part of another. However, we sometimes work from a common set of terms that was never documented as a concrete UML package—for example, some telecommunications standards. 

A final difference between the SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL entries, affects the DT line (DaTe). The syntax and definition of the DT lines that indicate when an entry was created and updated are identical to that defined in SWISS-PROT, but the DT lines in TrEMBL refer to the TrEMBL release. The difference is shown in the following example. DT lines in a SWISS-PROT entry ... 

PROT entries of the relevant protein family. Other sources include manual descriptions of protein families and translations of trustworthy description libraries into SWISS-PROT wording. For example, there is a /SITE=9,heme iron description for the cytochrome b heme pattern in PROSITE. This is translated to the correct SWISS-PROT syntax ... 

XML specifies the syntax of a language but not the semantics. Ontologies or other forms of controlled vocabularies or glossaries are necessary to impose semantics on an XML-based language. For example, the Semantic Web developers have proposed several languages to express the structure and relationships of data on the WWW [13]. 

Threonyl-MDP, for example, has been included in the formulation known as Syntax adjuvant formulation-1 (SAF-1). Animal studies suggest that this adjuvant is non-toxic and elicits a good B and T cell response. 

The examples herein are done using Excel98, on a Macintosh personal computer. It is easy to anticipate some changes as Excel progresses to newer releases, and there well may be some small differences between IBM-compatible PCs and the Macintosh implementations. While the syntax and communication interfaces will likely change in the future, the functional requirements for solving certain problems will not. The descriptions provided in this appendix are quite detailed nevertheless, some knowledge of spreadsheet operations is presumed. 

In this book we shall use MATLAB codes and explain more involved features of MAT-LAB as we encounter them. MATLAB has a built-in help menu typing help format at the prompt, or help, for example, will show the syntax and variations of these two commands format and backslash . Whenever a student encounters a MATLAB command that is not self explanatory, we suggest using this built-in help function of MATLAB. 

We note that fzerotryl is a MATLAB function m file that is stored in its folder with the extension. m as fzerotryl.m. Our program code is annotated with comments following the % symbol. Anything that follows after a % symbol on a line of code is not executed in MATLAB. More on MATLAB files, their storage, creation, etc. is given in Section 1.2.5. Specific built-in MATLAB functions and their use, such as fzero in the code below, should always be scrutinized by our students for their input/output syntax etc. using the built-in help MATLAB command help fzero for example. 

For example, using Microsoft Excel to perform the t-test, one would use the following syntax ... 

A list of element concentrations follows. Whereas ions like Ca, Mg, etc. that occur only in one redox stage are indicated as elements, ions whose concentration is determined in different redox states are denoted individually with their valence in parentheses, as in the example of Fe3+ and Fe2+. However, the syntax is defined in the database (. dat) not in the PHREEQC code. For complexes like HC03", N03 S042, three input options exist ... 

It is possible to add and subtract matrices using + and —, but remember to ensure that the two (or more) mattices have the same dimensions as has the destination. It is also possible to mix matrix and scalar operations, so that the syntax =2 MMULT(X,Y) is acceptable. Furthermore, it is possible to add (or subtract) matrices consisting of a constant number, for example =Y +2 would add 2 to each element of Y. Other conventions for mixing matrix and scalar variables and operations can be determined by practice, although in most cases the result is what we would logically expect. 

The major requirement to simulate an ODE-based model using Matlab (or most other packages) is to supply a code that computes the time derivatives of the state variables - the right-hand side of Equations (3.27). An example of a function that computes the time derivatives for this model using Matlab syntax is given below.2... 

Conditional number formats can be created by using the syntax [condition, value] format statement. Condition is one of the symbols <, >, =, >=, <=, <> value may be any number. Format statement may be any built-in or custom format. For example, the number format [>1] "Number too large" accepts any input less than 1 but otherwise issues an error message. 

Appendix A lists selected worksheet functions in the Database, Date Time, Information, Logical, Lookup Reference, Math Trig, Statistical, Lookup Reference, and Text categories. Appendix B provides an alphabetical list of these worksheet functions along with the required syntax, some comments on the required and optional arguments, one or more examples and a list of related functions. 

The syntax of the MID function is MID(fexf, start num, num characters) it returns a specific number of characters from a specified position in a text string. For example, if cell A1 contains H2S04, the expression MID(A1,3,1) returns S. 

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