Number formats conditional

Conditional number formats can be created by using the syntax [condition, value] format statement. Condition is one of the symbols <, >, =, >=, <=, <> value may be any number. Format statement may be any built-in or custom format. For example, the number format [>1] "Number too large" accepts any input less than 1 but otherwise issues an error message. 

The reaction mixture is heated and allowed to reflux, under atmospheric pressure at about 100°C. At this stage valve A is open and valve B is closed. Because the reaction is strongly exothermic initially it may be necessary to use cooling water in the jacket at this stage. The condensation reaction will take a number of hours, e.g. 2-4 hours, since under the acidic conditions the formation of phenol-alcohols is rather slow. When the resin separates from the aqueous phase and the resin reaches the requisite degree of condensation, as indicated by refractive index measurements, the valves are changed over (i.e. valve A is closed and valve B opened) and water present is distilled off. 

The results show that a number of ruthenium carbonyl complexes are effective for the catalytic carbonylation of secondary cyclic amines at mild conditions. Exclusive formation of N-formylamines occurs, and no isocyanates or coupling products such as ureas or oxamides have been detected. Noncyclic secondary and primary amines and pyridine (a tertiary amine) are not effectively carbonylated. There appears to be a general increase in the reactivity of the amines with increasing basicity (20) pyrrolidine (pKa at 25°C = 11.27 > piperidine (11.12) > hexa-methyleneimine (11.07) > morpholine (8.39). Brackman (13) has stressed the importance of high basicity and the stereochemistry of the amines showing high reactivity in copper-catalyzed systems. The latter factor manifests itself in the reluctance of the amines to occupy more than two coordination sites on the cupric ion. In some of the hydridocar-bonyl systems, low activity must also result in part from the low catalyst solubility (Table I). 

Under suitable conditions, amide formation can take place between an amine and a carboxylic acid, an acyl halide, or an acid anhydride. Along with ammonia, primary and secondary amines yield amides with carboxylic acids or derivatives. Table 33.2 relates the nitrogen base with the amide class (based on the number of alkyl or aryl groups on the nitrogen of the amide). 

Formation in solution of a racemic compound.—The precipitation within a solution of one of the substances we have just studied leads to the study of the equilibrium of a system no longer bivariant, but trivariant this study is, from the experimental point of view, much less advanced than the preceding it has given rise nevertheless to several interesting researches among this number is the analysis of the conditions of formation of the double racemate of sodium and ammonium, anal3rsis for which we are indebted to Van t Hoff and van Deventer. ... 

Several conditions may be combined using semicolons. The number format [>999]. , % " ppm"... 

With increasing overvoltages, the nucleation rate J increases much faster than the propagation rate v (cf. eqs. (5.2) and (2.38) for t>sd and eq. (2.49) in linearized form for iidt), so that the mean nucleation lime nuc becomes much shorter than the propagation time Tp needed by one nucleus to cover the whole face. The deposition of each layer proceeds under these conditions with formation of a large number of nuclei. 

---