Cell length

The CIF format not only defines its dictionary of available data names, but restricts the STAR file syntax as well. For example, lines may not exceed 80 characters and data names can contain a maximum of 32 characters. Furthermore, the CIF dictionaiy specifies default units for numeric fields that represent numeric values with units. If the data item is not stored in the default units, then the units code is appended to the data name. Thus cell length a and cell length a pm represent the dimensions ofthe unit cell in Angstrom (the default units conforming to the SI Standard) and picomclcrs, respectively. 

Fig. 1. Progress in track pitch, t (A) and bit cell length, / (B) implemented in disk files up to 1990. The possible changes in dimensions to obtain commercial...

The increase of bit densities can easily be demonstrated by showing the bit area ha in llm ), which is determined by the bit cell length bl in fim) x track width(tti in //m), for various (commercial) recording systems. In the case of video Hi8 pal (long play) the... 

Phase CAS Registry Number Formula Crystalsystem Spac egro up Molecules perunit cell Unit a cell length, nm b c Density, g/cm ... 

The surfaces in Fig. 4(d,e,f,) obtained from the functional (1) are the surfaces already discovered by Schoen [28] and named by him O, C-TO, I-WP, F-RD. O, C-TO is the only structure which cannot be minimized with respect to the cell length. For all the structures except this one we are able to find the minimal cell length i.e., by varying the cell length we are able to find the length for which the free energy per unit volume (functional (1)) has a minimum. The O, C-TO structure collapses to I-WP when the cell... 

The GL2 structure suggests that one can generate arbitrary n-tuply continuous structures. It is only necessary to set the cell length sufficiently large. We have not attempted to generate such structures because, due to the limits imposed by computer memory and processor speed, the lattice spacing would be too big for a given size of the lattice to obtain a reasonable accuracy. 

Fiber Cellulose content (wt%) Spiral angle (%) Cross-sectional area A X 10-2 ( 2) Cell length L (mm) L/D ratio (-)... 

Table 5-4 gives the amounts of barium dissolved per square centimeter of cell cross section as the cell length was 1 cm, this is also the amount of dissolved barium in 1 cc. At this cell length, results for 1.9 and 2.8 mg/sq cm were not precise enough to be quoted in longer cells, greater precision would no doubt have been obtained. 

The suppression of C60 crystallite formation in mixed LB films was attempted by mixing C60 and amphiphilic electron donor compounds [259]. Observation of the C60 LB film transferred horizontally by TEM clearly showed 10-40-nm-size crystallites. The diffraction pattern gave an fee lattice with unit cell length 1.410 nm. Examination of the mixed films with arachidic acid by TEM showed extensive crystallite formation. Mixed LB films of three different amphiphilic derivatives of electron donors with C60 were examined. One particular derivative showed very little formation of C60 crystallites when LB films were formed from monolayers of it mixed with C60 in a 1 2 ratio, while two others reduced C60 crystallite formation but did not eliminate it. 

Thus, these intercepts are given in terms of the actual unit-cell length found for the specific structure, and not the lattice itself. The Miller Indices are thus the indices of a stack of planes within the lattice. Planes are important in solids because, as we will see, they are used to locate atom positions within the lattice structure. 

In the first Factor, if the cell lengths are not equal, i.e. a b c, we no longer have a cubic lattice, but some other type. And if the angles cure no longer 90 i.e.- a b g, then we have a change in the lattice type... 

Both E and e are independent of concentration and cell length, provided the Beer-Lambert law is obeyed. The two quantities are related by the expression ... 

In the description of MPC dynamics, the size of the collision cell was not specified. Given the number density h = N/V of the system, the cell size will control how many particles, on average, participate in the multiparticle collision event. This, in turn, controls the level of coarse graining of the system. As originally formulated, it was assumed that on average particles should free stream a distance comparable to or somewhat greater than the cell length in the... 

Thus even if the mean free path is small compared to the cell length, particle (or equivalently grid) shifting will cause particles to collide with molecules in nearby cells, thereby reducing the effects of locally correlated collision events in the same cell. 

For the parameters used to obtain the results in Fig. 3, X 0.6 so the mean free path is comparable to the cell length. If X -C 1, the correspondence between the analytical expression for D in Eq. (43) and the simulation results breaks down. Figure 4a plots the deviation of the simulated values of D from Do as a function of X. For small X values there is a strong discrepancy, which may be attributed to correlations that are not accounted for in Do, which assumes that collisions are uncorrelated in the time x. For very small mean free paths, there is a high probability that two or more particles will occupy the same collision volume at different time steps, an effect that is not accounted for in the geometric series approximation that leads to Do. The origins of such corrections have been studied [19-22]. 

These expressions for the shear viscosity are compared with simulation results in Fig. 5 for various values of the angle a and the dimensionless mean free path X. The figure plots the dimensionless quantity (v/X)(x/a2) and for fixed y and a we see that (vkin/A,)(x/a2) const A, and (vcol/A)(r/u2) const/A. Thus we see in Fig. 5b that the kinetic contribution dominates for large A since particles free stream distances greater than a cell length in the time x however, for small A the collisional contribution dominates since grid shifting is important and is responsible for this contribution to the viscosity. 

Active cell length Electrolyte outer diameter Thickness Electrolyte... 

It is sometimes important to specify a vector with a definite length, perhaps to indicate the displacement of one part of a crystal with respect to another part. In such a case, the direction of the vector is written as above, and a prefix is added to give the length. The prefix is usually expressed in terms of the unit cell dimensions. For example, in a cubic crystal, a displacement of two unit cell lengths parallel to the b axis would be written 2a [010]. 

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