SWIFT trial

SWIFT trial of delayed elective intervention v conservative treatment after thrombolysis with anistreplase in acute myocardial infarction. SWIFT (Should We Intervene Following Thrombolysis ) Trial Study Group. BMJ 1991 302 555-560. 

Scientific trials involving applications of animal manure were implemented as early as the 1930s, e.g. in Nigeria. Experimental rates of application have varied from 2 to 5 t to as much as 60 t ha 1 (Swift et al., 1994 Nandwa and Bekunda, 1998 Schlecht et al., 2006). Yield effects have throughout been positive, both in short-and long-term experiments sometimes severalfold increases in cereal yields were obtained (Pieri, 1992 Swift et al., 1994 Bekunda et al., 1997 Bationo et al., 1998 Nandwa and Bekunda, 1998). 

Carbamazepine is licenced as an alternative to lithium for prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder, although clinical trial evidence is actually stronger to support its use in the treatment of acute mania. Carbamazepine appears to be more effective than lithium for rapidly cycling bipolar disorders, i.e. with recurrent swift transitions from mania to depression. It is also effective in combination with lithium. Its mode of action is thought to involve agonism of inhibitory GABA transmission at the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex (see also Epilepsy, p. 417). 

Berenson JR, Vescio R, Flenick K, Nishikubo C, Rettig M, Swift RA, Conde F, VonTeichert JM. A phase I, open label, dose ranging trial of intravenous bolus zoledronic acid, a novel bisphosphonate, in cancer patients with metastatic bone disease. Cancer 2001 91 144-154. 

The Musselmonitor took part in the same exposure trials for the EC Project SWIFT-WFD as discussed under Case 1. At the RIZA monitoring station Eijsden the in situ version of the early warning system was immersed directly in the River Meuse alongside the floating monitoring station during the period 5 April-20 May 2005 due to technical problems in data storage the evaluation was limited to a 4 weeks period 22 April-20 May 2005. A set of 8 zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) was used as primary sensor. 

This section aims to provide some illustrative examples of how information provided by the SPEs/PalmSens in field conditions can be useful in the frame of the WFD. These results were obtained during field trials organized within the SWIFT-WFD project. The first example highlights the ability of the sensor to assess spatial variability of metal concentration in a river system of average quality conditions. The second one aims to demonstrate how the device can help to assess the temporal variability in case of a simulated accidental metal pollution scenario. 

Belfatmi el al., 2005) in water and of PAH metabolites in the urine of PAH exposed persons (Algarra el al., 2000 Lamotte el al., 2003) at sub ppb level. In this chapter we describe the application of this method in a field monitoring trial conducted on the bank of the River Meuse, where river water was pumped into a tank and fortified by the addition of a controlled flow of a stock solution containing a mixture of PAHs. This test was conducted in Eijsden (NL) from 22 April to 27 April 2005 and was a part of a field trial that formed part of the European Union Project SWIFT-WFD (Screening method for Water data InFormation in support of the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive). This project involved the simultaneous testing of a number of commercially available and prototype monitoring tools under natural river conditions. 

We acknowledge financial support from the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union (Contract SSPI-CT-2003-502492 http //www.swift-wfd.com). We also thank the Environment Agency of England and Wales, the City of Mulhouse, Alsace, France and RIZA, The Netherlands for their generous assistance in helping to facilitate the different field trials In addition we thank all the partners in the SWIFT-WFD consortium who carried out the field and reference measurements. 

Roig B., Mills G., Greenwood R., A et al., 2006b. Project SWIFT-WFD Deliverable 43, Report of performances and valuation of screening methods (field trials results). Available at http //ww w. swift-wfd. com... 

There is no such compound as methanediol, so the polymer cannot be made by the usual reaction between diacid and diol, and is instead synthesised from an alkali metal salt of terephthalic acid and dibromomethane. Trials with this polymer [83] showed that it rapidly thermally degraded at the melt processing temperature. It was suggested that this initially involved loss of formaldehyde and formation of anhydride structures, swiftly followed by crosslinking and rapid discoloration. 

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