Swifts

Fig. IV-18. (a) Electron micrograph of a collapsing film of 2-hydroxytetracosanoic acid. Scale bar 1. [From H. E. Ries, Jr., Nature, 281, 287 (1979).] (b) Possible collapse mechanism. [Reprinted with permission from H. E. Ries, Jr. and H. Swift, Langmuir, 3, 853 (1987) (Ref. 223). Copyright 1987, American Chemical Society.]...

Transient, or time-resolved, techniques measure tire response of a substance after a rapid perturbation. A swift kick can be provided by any means tliat suddenly moves tire system away from equilibrium—a change in reactant concentration, for instance, or tire photodissociation of a chemical bond. Kinetic properties such as rate constants and amplitudes of chemical reactions or transfonnations of physical state taking place in a material are tlien detennined by measuring tire time course of relaxation to some, possibly new, equilibrium state. Detennining how tire kinetic rate constants vary witli temperature can further yield infonnation about tire tliennodynamic properties (activation entlialpies and entropies) of transition states, tire exceedingly ephemeral species tliat he between reactants, intennediates and products in a chemical reaction. 

These subjects have been reviewed up the year 1975 in various works. Prij s Card Index (363) of thiazole compounds provides swift access to information on individual compounds. Syntheses of thiazoles have been carefully reviewed by Wiley etal. (361), and in 1957 the subject was dealt with in an excellent survey by Sprague and Land (448). 

Source Values are compiled from the following sources Bard, A. J. Parsons, R. Jordon, J., eds. Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions. Dekker New York, 1985 Milazzo, G. Carol , S. Sharma, V. K. Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials. Wiley London, 1978 Swift, E. H. Butler, E. A. Quantitative Measurements and Chemical Equilibria. Freeman New York, 1972. 

Figure 5.2 Plots of (1 - p)" (left-hand ordinate) and p (right-hand ordinate) versus time for the catalyzed esterifications shown. [From Ref. 1, used with permission. Data cited from S. D. Hamann, D. H. Solomon, and J. D. Swift, J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A2 153 (1968) P. J. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 3334 (1939).]...

WATER - TREATTffiNT OF SWIFTING POOLS, SPAS AND HOT TUBS] (Vol 25)... 

C. Y. Wu and H. E. Swift, / 79th Hmerican Chemical Society Meeting, Div. of Petroleum Chemistry Symposia Preprint, Houston, Texas, Mar. 1980, p. 372. 

The organo chlorine compounds are more expensive than inorganic chlorine compounds, but offer improved stabiUty against photolytic breakdown ia swimming pools (21). Swimming pool sanitation is generally accompHshed with 1—3 ppm free chlorine residual (see CHLORAMINES AND BROMAMINES Water, treati nt of swifting pools, spas, and hot tubs). ... 

In 1982, seven people died from consuming cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules. The incident resulted in a total product recall, massive negative pubHcity for the product, new requirements for safe packaging, and a federal statute making product tampering a crime (2). Since that time, the packaging industry has become visible to most consumers. This awareness has benefited the consumer by a reduction in loss of life due to consumption of adulterated products from tampering. Never before has an industry reacted so swiftly to resolve a problem. 

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