Tests Swift

Pont, E. G. 1964. The relationship between the swift test time and the keeping quality of butterfat. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 19, 108-111. 

Stability test ( Swift test Vactive oxygen method) gives an indication of the oil s resistance to oxidation during storage. The test gives the time in hours required for a sample of oil to reach a peroxide value of 100 when subjected to aeration under specified conditions of temperature and airflow rate. The period of time in hours is determined by interpolation between two peroxide value determinations, which must fall between 75 meq and 175 meq. 

Lipid hydroperoxides can be measured by peroxide value (PV) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests. The resistance of a fat or an oil to oxidative rancidity can be measured by the Schaal oven test, Swift test, and oil stability index (OSI) analysis. 

Measurement of Induction Time of Oxidation (Rancimat, Swift Test).390... 

Fagan, D., Swift, C. G., and Tiplady, B., Effects of caffeine on vigilance and other performance tests in normal subjects. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2, 19-25, 1988. 

G. Swift, Expectations for Biodegradation Testing Methods, International Biodegradable Polymer Workshop, Osaka, Japan, Nov. 1993. 

Of 14 cases of suspected drug-induced liver disease presenting to a gastroenterology department over a 3-year period, one was thought to be related to thiamazole, with a hepatitic pattern of liver function tests in a 39-year-old woman 6 days after the start of therapy recovery was swift and complete (48). Delayed cholestatic hepatitis without antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies has been reported (49), and there have been fatal cases of hepatic necrosis (SEDA-21, 438) (7). 

Several TLC methods have been widely used to quantitatively estimate the flavonoids for quality control purposes rather than to detect adulteration. The potential exists, however, for testing authenticity. Naringin is an important compound in grapefruit juice, since it is largely responsible for the bitter character of the juice. Fisher et al. (121) developed a TLC procedure for naringin estimation. This was later modified by Tatum and Berry (122). Swift (123) developed a TLC-spectrophotometric assay for the neutral methoxylated flavones in orange peel. The method was subsequently expanded to the determination of these compounds in orange juice (124). 

Tornberg and Ediriweera, 1987). Phase inversion temperature (Shinoda and Saito, 1969) and emulsifying capacity (Swift et al., 1961) have been used to evaluate the effects of low molecular weight and protein emulsifiers, respectively. Unfortunately, it is not possible to measure the size of the large droplets present in unhomogenized water-in-oil emulsions because the droplets coalesce very quickly. The phase inversion temperature is not a relevant test, as it may not be related directly to the stability to inversion at the emulsification temperature. Furthermore, it has been stated (Matsumoto and Sherman, 1970) that water-in-oil emulsions do not exhibit a true phase inversion temperature, unlike oil-in-water emulsions. 

K., Kolber Z., Greene R., FalkowsM P., Chishohn S. W., Hoge F., Swift R., Yungel J., Turner S., Nightingale P., Hatton A., Liss P., and Tindale N. W. (1994) Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature ill, 123-129. 

In the later course of disease, slight increases in IgA and IgG may be detected, (s. tab. 5.15). HBsAg is absent from the serum in approx. 90% of cases within 2-4 months. A lower Quick s value due to reduced absorption of vitamin K normalizes swiftly following the parenteral substitution of vitamin K (so-called Roller s test). The possible detection of antibodies (e.g. SMA, ANA, SLA, LMK) is of no significance. The return of bile acid values to normal constitutes a sensitive parameter for the regression and healing of the disease. 

Mr Stephan Forster and Ms Christina Rauber (formerly HMGU) are acknowledged for immunoanalysis of water samples during proficiency tests and tank experiments. Many thanks to Dr Natalie Guigues (BRGM, Orleans, France) and to Dr Ian Allan (University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom) for providing us samples from the tank experiments. In part, this research was funded by EU project SWIFT-WFD (SSPI-CT-2003-502492). 

In view of support to the implementation of the EC WFD (European Commission, 2000) in situ biomonitoring was performed along the rivers Meuse (at the RIZA monitoring station in Eijsden, NL), Aller (DE) and Rhine (at the APRONA monitoring station in Huningue, FR) within the frame of the European Union-funded Project SWIFT-WFD. Gammarus pulex, a detritus feeder, was used as a test organism. 

The variation of sensitivity between different sensors was also checked. Calibration curves with five different sensors were performed. A Relative Standard Deviation of 13, 13 and 42% of calibration slopes (sensitivity) were obtained for Cu, Pb and Cd respectively. These variations should have limited consequence on bias and precision when the standard addition method is used. However, for Cd, variations in the limit of quantification between two electrodes could be expected. Finally, the accuracy of the method was evaluated by the measurement of a SWIFT reference material used during the 2nd SWIFT-WFD Proficiency Testing exercise (Table 4.2.2). The reference value was chosen as the consensus value of the selected data population obtained after excluding the outliers. The performances of the device were estimated according to the Z-score (Z) calculation. Based on this score, results obtained with the SPEs/PalmSens method were consistent with those obtained by all methods for Pb and Cu ( Z < 2) while the result was less satisfactory for Cd (2 < Z < 3). 

We acknowledge financial support from the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union (Contract SSPI-CT-2003-502492 http //www.swift-wfd.com). We also thank Nel Frijns and the RIZA monitoring team in Eijsden (The Netherlands), the local Environmental Agency (in the Aller) for permission to work. Finally, we thank all the partners in the SWIFT-WFD consortium who carried out reference measurements, prepared the reference materials, participated in the proficiency testing and in field studies. 

Belfatmi el al., 2005) in water and of PAH metabolites in the urine of PAH exposed persons (Algarra el al., 2000 Lamotte el al., 2003) at sub ppb level. In this chapter we describe the application of this method in a field monitoring trial conducted on the bank of the River Meuse, where river water was pumped into a tank and fortified by the addition of a controlled flow of a stock solution containing a mixture of PAHs. This test was conducted in Eijsden (NL) from 22 April to 27 April 2005 and was a part of a field trial that formed part of the European Union Project SWIFT-WFD (Screening method for Water data InFormation in support of the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive). This project involved the simultaneous testing of a number of commercially available and prototype monitoring tools under natural river conditions. 

The suitability of the quality control tools prepared under the SWIFT-WFD project was proved from the homogeneity and stability studies carried out on all materials. Table 5.1.3 summarizes the tested analytes for each material, the institution responsible for the analysis, and the analytical technique and sample intake used. 

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