Surgical treatment

Urinary lithiasis is a disease in which calculi form in the kidney and urinary tract. Roughly 5 % of the human population suffers to some degree from urinary lithiasis. A number of severely afflicted patients (e.g. ca. 60,000 in West Germany and more than 100,000 in the U.S.) are hospitalized yearly for major surgical treatment. Obviously, nephrolithiasis is not only a common ailment but also an issue of great social and economic consequence. 

An ongoing assessment is one that is made at the time of each patient contact and may include the collection of objective data, subjective data, or both. The scope of an ongoing assessment depends on many factors, such as the patient s diagnosis, the severity of illness, the response to treatment, and the prescribed medical or surgical treatment. 

Kadunc BV, Trindade de Almeida AR (2003) Surgical treatment of facial acne scars based on morphologic classification a Brazilian experience. Dermatol Surg 29 1200-1209... 

Malherbe WD, Davies DS (1971) Surgical treatment of acne scarring, by a dermatome. Plast Reconstr Surg 47 122-126... 

Future medical training, diagnosis and - even surgical - treatment will increasingly be performed remotely. Thus, the combination of sophisticated sensory devices with advanced micro-manipulation equipment will, together with 3D interactive feedback models, provide new tools and approaches for the medical profession. 

Laun A, Busse O, Calatayud V, Klug N. Cerebellar infarcts in the area of the supply of the pica and their surgical treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1984 71 295-306. 

Muller BT, Luther B, Hort W, Neumann-Haefelin T, Aulich A, Sandmann W. Surgical treatment of 50 carotid dissections indications and results. J Vase Surg 2000 31 980-988. 

Auer LM, Auer T, Sayama I. Indications for surgical treatment of cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction. Acta Neurochir (Wein) 1986 79 74-79. 

Add long-term oxygen therapy if chronic respiratory failure ° Consider surgical treatments... 

Surgical treatments for those who fail pharmacologic interventions... 

Measure plasma cortisol after surgery to determine if the patient displays persistent hypercortisol ism (surgical treatment failure) or hypocortisolism (adrenal insufficiency requiring steroid replacement therapy). 

The epilepsies constitute a common, serious neurological disorder in humans, affecting approximately 60 million people worldwide. Well in excess of 40 distinct epileptic syndromes have been identified to date. Current treatment is only symptomatic except in uncommon instances when surgical treatment is possible. While available antiseizure medications target ion channels such as the y-amino-butyric acid (GABA)a receptor and voltage activated sodium (Na+) channels, current research seeks to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which a normal brain becomes epileptic. Hopefully, this research will lead to the identification of new targets for which small molecules can be identified and used for prevention or cure of epilepsy. 

Carter JE (1998) Surgical treatment for chronic pelvic pain. J Soc Laparoendoscop Surgeons 2 129-133... 

Informed Consent Voluntary authorization, given to the physician by the patient, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures and medical and surgical treatment. [NIH]... 

Compared with surgical treatment, drug therapy plays a subordinate role. 

Previous drug or surgical treatment Imiquimod cream administration is not recommended until the skin is completely healed from any previous drug or surgical treatment. 

Arenas RB, Fichera A, Mhoon D, Michelassi F. Total mesenteric excision in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer a prospective study. Arch Surg 1998 133(6) 608-612. 

Favalaro RG. Saphenous vein graft in the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease operative technique. J Thorac Cariovasc Surg 1969 58 178. 

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