Morphological classification

Kadunc BV, Trindade de Almeida AR (2003) Surgical treatment of facial acne scars based on morphologic classification a Brazilian experience. Dermatol Surg 29 1200-1209... 

Morphologic classifications are based on cell size. Macrocytic cells are larger than normal and are associated with deficiencies of vitamin B12 or folate. Microcytic cells are smaller than normal and are associated with iron deficiency whereas normocytic anemia may be associated with recent blood loss or chronic disease. 

The classification of plants is primarily based on the similarities and differences that are displayed by their morphological and anatomical characteristics. In some instances this does not suffice since the morphological differences may not be genetically defined but have been caused by local bio-climatic factors. Nevertheless is apparent that secondary metabolites can contribute to the taxonomy of plants and their systematic evolution. There are many examples of cases where the morphological features are not clear and secondary metabolites serve to clarify the morphological classification (e.g. classification of the tribes of the family Asteraceae). It has also been proved to be significant to use all the secondary metabolites for the above purpose and not only one of their chemical groups [4]. 

Microscopy remains the principal standard method of particle sizing and of shape and morphological classification. Though often tedious and time consuming in its application, it remains a standard by which individual particles can be classified with confidence and most particle sizing methods are referenced. 

Many of the previous morphological classifications of estuaries provided by Fairbridge (1980) and others fail to make any connection with the prior structure and relief in which an estuary has formed (Perillo, 1995). A more recent modification of this classification system uses an approach that better encompasses the spectrum and diversity of estuarine systems (figure 2.5 Perillo, 1995). It also provides a genetically based linkage of primary and secondary estuaries based on classification of the shoreline (see Shepard, 1973), which considers the prior structure from which an estuary has formed. This morphogenetic... 

The proposed morphological classification of river mouth areas also reveals the scheme of river mouth evolution. Only two genetic series of this evolution are possible under the condition of a relatively steady water level in the receiving basin I -> IV and II -> III -> IV. 

Following Sippei et al. (1992), we apply a simple morphological classification to Amazon floodplain lakes ria or blocked-... 

Tab. 34.1 Schematized morphological classification of chronic hepatitis and its potential to develop into fibrosis and cirrhosis...

The morphological classification adopted in an earlier section (see pp. 89— 91) emphasizes the important role of membrane systems in calcification. Membranes, both in intracellular and extracellular calcification, are thought to be involved in an active transport of calcium to the site of calcification. They may also be involved in facilitating the availability of bicarbonate ions and in removing protons released during calcification. Thus, all the main ion species involved in biological calcification may be controlled by membrane processes. The ions are related according to the empirical equation... 

In addition to quantitative increases in certain cells, several qualitative cytological features help allow the morphologic classification of the spectrum of proliferative lesions that may be observed in the process of carcinogenesis. Three frequently used qualitative cytological features are metaplasia, dysplasia, and anaplasia. 

Geometrical/morphological classification of fractures in cap rocks of the southwestern Barents Sea... 

Table 4.2 Morphological classification of silcrete (after Smale, 1973)...

Sultan F, Czubayko U, Thier P (2003) Morphological classification of the rat lateral cerebellar nuclear neurons by principal component analysis. J Comp Neurol 455 139-155. 

Frith, C. H., and Heath, J. E. (1984). Morphological classification and incidence of thyroid tuma-s in untreated aged mice. J Gerontol 39, 7-10. 

It is also important to realize that sensitivity, specificity and accuracy remain a relative issue because of the unknown total number of pre-cancerous lesions present at that particular moment in the entire bronchial mucosa of a certain individual [15,49,50]. Smoking history [49-51], gender distribution with relative paucity of pre-cancerous lesions in women [67], the expertise of the bronchoscopist [62,63] the variability of morphological classification [47,66], are all factors to be taken into account. 

---