Medical and surgical treatment

Informed Consent Voluntary authorization, given to the physician by the patient, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures and medical and surgical treatment. [NIH]... 

Lhermitte F, Gautier JC, Derouesne C (1970). Nature of occlusions of the middle cerebral artery. Neurology 20 82-88 Liang P and Hoffmann GS (2005). Advances in the medical and surgical treatment of Takayasu arteritis. Current Opinions in Rheumatology 17 16-24 Lim W, Crowther MA, Eikelboom JW (2006). Management of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association 295 1050-1057... 

The risk models described above were derived and validated in populations with a low prevalence of symptomatic carotid disease and, therefore, did not include the degree of carotid stenosis. Given the importance of carotid stenosis in determining the risk of stroke in patients with recently symptomatic carotid disease, models are required for use in this specific clinical situation. This is particularly important because the treatment for carotid stenosis, carotid endarterectomy, itself has important risks associated with it Risk models have, therefore, been derived to predict the risks associated with medical and surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in order to itrform decision making surrounding treatment options. 

Three types of EHS system resources are critical to responding to any sort of MCI facilities, personnel, and materials. Health facilities serve as the location for patient care and shelter. These facilities require specialized resources for decontamination, isolation, and medical and surgical treatment. However, these facilities are not immune to being impacted by disasters. As seen in the California earthquakes and Florida hurricanes, disasters can affect those facilities, making the health facility both a victim and responder. Also, health facilities can be contaminated, further limiting access. Planners must consider the likelihood and potential impact of the degradation or loss of health facilities in any disaster plan and consider alternate facilities to render care (Aghababian, Lews, Cans, Curley, 1994 Chavez Binder, 1996). 

More severe burns typically require extensive medical and surgical treatment. Ascorbate and citrate have been shown to reduce the risk of corneal ulceration and perforation.The use of topical sodium citrate 10% and topical sodium ascorbate 10% every 2 hours and oral vitamin C (500 mg) every 6 hours has been recommended fc>r grades n, HI, and IV burns. Oral tetracyclines have also been shown to reduce collagenase activity, decreasing corneal ulceration after chemical burns. Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily is recommended for grades n, HI, and IV chemical burns. Surgical options include conjimctival transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, limbal stem cell transplantation, and lamellar keratoplasty. 

Animal experiments have provided excellent means to study medical and surgical treatments for glaucoma prior to human trials. Animal models are required to study de novo drugs and their structural and functional influence on ocular tissues. 

Rhoads W S, Barton M H, Parks A H 1999 Comparison of medical and surgical treatment for impaction of the small colon in horses 84 cases (1986-1996). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 214 1042-1047... 

The treatment for an asymptomatic patient with endometriosis consists of expectant management (watchful waiting) only because therapy is not indicated unless symptoms develop. For symptomatic patients, the foundation of therapy includes medical treatment, surgical treatment, or both. To date, no studies have compared medical and surgical treatment directly as first-line therapy. Furthermore,... 

Winkel CA. Modeling of medical and surgical treatment costs of chronic pelvic pain New paradigms for making clinical decisions. Am J Manag Care 1999 5 8276-290. 

Martin LF, Tan TL, Horn JR, et al. Comparison of the costs associated with medical and surgical treatment of obesity. Surgery 1995 118 599-606. 

The year 1935 forms a natural division in the history of chemotherapy because of Domagk s discovery of the chemotherapeutic properties of Trontosif, the first of the anti-bacterial sulfonamides. This discovery refuted a prejudice that chemotherapy applied mainly to protozoal diseases, and it opened a new era in medical and surgical treatment. Woods (1940) then discovered that sulfonamides blocked the use by bacteria of one of their essential constituents (/ -aminobenzoic acid). This was in accord with Ehrlich s postulate that drugs... 

Jougon J, Ballester M, Delcambre F, Mac BT, Valat P, Gomez F et al. (2002) Massive hemoptysis what place for medical and surgical treatment. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22 345-351... 

Ophthalmology Practice of examining eye health, diagnosing disease, prescribing medical and surgical treatment for eye conditions by a specialized medical doctor. 

Primary and Specialized Medical Care. Osteopathic doctors practice in many primary care areas, including family practice, internal medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, and pediatric medicine. They are licensed to prescribe pharmaceuticals and can specialize in areas such as surgery. The medical and surgical treatments that osteopathic doctors use on their patients are, for the most part, the same as those that allopathic doctors use. 

Steers WD, Selby JB,Jr (1991) Use of methylene blue and selective embolization of the pudendal artery for high flow priapism refractory to medical and surgical treatments. J Urol 146 1361-1363... 

A further issue that has been used to support the position of surgery has been the notional consideration that antireflux surgery should decrease health care use. A retrospective matched cohort study of Tennessee Medicaid patients compared the costs of medical and surgical treatment for GERD in 1996. The study compared 135 patients who had fundoplication with 250 randomly selected patients from a group of more than 7,000 who were treated medically. 

Changing indications and limitations and comprehensive multimodality interpretation should be in the field of fhe (pediatric) radiologist s expertise. To enhance the role of the radiologist, she/he should have a profound knowledge of urinary symptoms as well as the principles of medical and surgical treatment in children and should also be... 

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