Surface functional groups interfacial chemistry

Cationic Surface Complexes. The first paper of the series (4), in a section entitled Preliminary Approach to the Interfacial Coordination Chemistry of Hydrous Oxides, addressed the mechanism of cation adsorption by hydroxylated mineral surfaces. Here the term coordination was reserved for complex formation between cations and surface functional groups through bonding that can be either electrostatic or covalent, or a mixture of both. The dichotomous qualification is much in the spirit of the classic Stem (11) picture of strong adsorption. 

The Influence of Polymer Surface Functional Groups in Metal/Polymer Interfacial Chemistry... 

Boron as a dopant allows silicon and carbon materials to significantly change their conductivity and thereby open up applications in particular with boron-doped diamond (sp -carbon) as mechanically and chemically robust electrode material. The range of beneficial effects of boron in boron-doped diamond as electrode materiaP has been reported. Bio-electrochemical processes like the oxidation of NADH are possible with diamond dominating the interfacial chemistry. The sp nature of the diamond allows adsorption processes to be modified, and electrode erosion to be minimised, with electroanalytical application even under extreme conditions, for example in the presence of ultrasound and for pharmaceutical components. Boron surface functional groups have been reported to be crucial for electron transfer, for example, during glucose oxidation. ... 

In general, the electrochemical performance of carbon materials is basically determined by the electronic properties, and given its interfacial character, by the surface structure and surface chemistry (i.e. surface terminal functional groups or adsorption processes) [1,2]. Such features will affect the electrode kinetics, potential limits, background currents and the interaction with molecules in solution [2]. From the point of view of electroanalysis, the remarkable benefits of CNT-modified electrodes have been widely praised, including low detection limits, increased sensitivity, decreased overpotentials and resistance to surface fouling [5, 9, 11, 17]. 

Aluminum atom reactions are relevant to interfacial chemistry associated with aluminum-polyimide junctions. Al deposited under ultra high vacuum will reduce surface carbonyl functional groups (22). MVS co-condensation experiments show that besides ketones, aldehydes and epoxides, atomic aluminum will deoxygenate ethers. Chapter 7 of the monograph by Klabunde (12) includes tables of deoxygenation products of a variety of cyclic and acyclic ketones and ethers. 

C.A.L.Y. Leon. L.R. Radovlc, Interfacial Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Carbon Surfaces, Chemistry and Physics of Carbon 24 (1994) 213. (Review, surface characterization by physical and chemical means, double layer, functional groups.)... 

The most important inference is that Chemisorption is a direct response to carboxyl group concentration indicated by the XPS photopeak component at 288.7 eV. It seems likely that weak add functionality is of minor import to applications for surface treatments, while interfacial phenomena such as practical adhesion may be sensitive to small concentrations of very high site energies. Interphase modification in epoxy resins, for example, can occur by direct reaction of epoxide groups with surface carboxyls (17), or by accelerated cure chemistry near the surface (39). Carboxyl groups on carbon surfaces may interact with basic moieties in polymers such as polycarbonate or poly(ethylene)oxide (40=42), or promote interfacial crystallinity that improves impact strength and other aspects of composite performance (43, M)-... 

As previously indicated, many microorganisms produce EPS or slime, and several researchers have investigated the role of EPS in corrosion [86-88]. EPS consist of polysaccharides and proteins, plus significant amounts of nucleic acids, (phospho) lipids and humic substances [89-91]. The final composition of the EPS matrix results from a combination of the following active secretion, shedding of cell surface material, cell lysis, and/or adsorption of substances from the environment. EPS are usually acidic and contain functional groups, such as carboxylic and amino acids that, as mentioned earlier, readily bind metal ions. EPS can bind metal ions from the substratum or from a liquid medium and control interfacial chemistry at a metal/biofilm interface. EPS are also implicated in increased resistance of biofilm cells to biocides and other antimicrobial compounds [9]. 

The SAMs used for tip modification, being versatile in terms of surface chemistry (exposed functional groups), homogenous, and practically defect-free, are ideal model systems for interfacial studies and thus served as model systems for the first CFM studies. In the histograms shown in Fig. 14 the differences in pull-off force between a - COOH functionalized tip and two different pairs of surfaces is summarized. The mean pull-off forces calcu-... 

Surface chemistry (i.e., the number and the type of surface acid/base sites or grafted functionalities of different hydrophilicity) influences the hydrogen bond network structure in a relatively thick layer of interfacial water (3-10 nm or larger). Partial hydrophobization of a silica surface (e.g., by grafting of trimethylsilyl, TMS groups) affects the amounts of unfrozen... 

---