Supply networks defined

A tecton of 2,4-diaminotriazine [15] (Fig. 5d) consists of 16 intertectonic hydrogen bonds supplying a 3D network that is stable enough, even if most guest molecules were desorbed. The resulting network defines channels of 11.8 A diameter. 

AMR (AMR Research report 2005) defines the term Demand Driven Supply Network (DDSN) as a system of technologies and business processes that sense and... 

Detectability is defined as the time it takes for the buyer to realize that a disruption to supply network has occurred. Modeling the propagation of disruption information in a supply chain depends on the way nodes communicate with one another. Under the best-case scenario, each supplier, independent of its tier, communicates directly with the buyer. This is a very optimistic scenario since it requires every supplier to know the end destination of its product and to establish a direct connection with the buyer. The next best scenario assumes that every disrupted supplier reports to its immediate buyer. This situation is more realistic however, it does not ensure that the information will reach the primary buyer promptly since the immediate buyer of the disrupted supplier may not share the information with his customers or with the main buyer. Another scenario would be to assume that the information flows randomly in the supply chain network. This scenario may be perceived as pessimistic at first, but the method can be customized to better model the reality. 

We define deviations as any variations that exceed the control limits of performance indicators a deviation exceeds the normal variation that is inherent to the process. In food supply networks, various kinds of deviations may occur, either from the specifications of product attributes, or from the specifications of logistical processes (e.g. time restrictions, excessive use of raw materials or resources). Deviations may cause defective products which may pose a threat to the environment, to the public involved, or to the chain participants. 

In general, a supply network can be defined as comprising n i =, n) value-adding tiers with = 1, m,) options to choose from, at tier i, so that the number of possible design alternatives for the supply network would be JJ i some of... 

Normally, sanctions are defined in the formal bilateral contracts between bnyer and snppher (Wnyts and Geyskens 2005). Especially, in cases where prodnct-specrfic information is shared in the partnership between buyer and snppher, the contracts include paragraphs preventing the abuse of this information. This is more often the case when it comes to international supply networks. 

The positive correlation between partner selection and asymmetric information as well as opportunism can be explained by a specific procedure which can often be seen in practice. In mai supply networks the initial partner selection is undertaken with considerable care, attention and effort. However, once a potential partner passes this stage, further testing at later stages is rarely undertaken. Some partners could take advantage of this situation by behaving opportunistically having successfully passed the initial phase of partner selectioa The survey captures only the initial partner selection effort but not whether partners are tested continuously. Therefore, this unexpected result may possibly be due to the need to define the indicators more closely to include tins possibihty. 

The coordinated approach contracting relationships built on collaboration, trust and close interpersonal ties define the coordinated approach. This approach means that the producer inherits the responsibility and costs of social auditing as they are passed down the supply chain. This is achieved, however, within the framework of close retailer-supplier relationships. Although subcontracting exists, known networks of traceable suppliers are involved. As such, it is possible to exert considerably greater control over the ethical trading process. 

The dissertation consists of 5 chapters in addition to this introduction. Chapter 2 lays the foundation by establishing the role of production network design within supply chain management. To this end key terms are defined, the role of Advanced Planning Systems in production network de-... 

Supply Chain Coordination—Growing Network and Collection Recruitment A supply chain is defined as a system of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers where material, financial, and information flows connect... 

Many economists and policy makers acknowledge that liberalization in gas and electricity markets is consistent with energy supply security - but only with the important caveat that industry structure and underlying institutions in those markets support genuine competition. The structural questions for natural gas seem easy to assess. Gas is a natural resource (not a manufactured product like electricity), with well-defined production and import sources and major consumers, all interconnected by a highly predictable pipeline network. The institutions that create conditions necessary for efficient and competitive gas markets, however, are not so easy to assess. 

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