Supply chain Reference Model

This chapter presents two basic sphere types product-producing and enable. The former deliver products or services to external customers. Enable spheres create infrastructure for product-producing ones. The label comes from the Supply-Chain Council s Supply Chain Reference Model, or SCOR. Customers for enable spheres are the product-producing spheres. Figure 9.2 illustrates this relationship between product-producing and enable spheres. Product-producing spheres are horizontal in Figure 9.2... 

The decomposition-based approach overviewed in Section 10 was first developed in Ettl et al. (2000) for the purpose of performance evaluation and optimization of a large-scale enterprise supply chain. (Refer to Lee and Billington 1986 for an earlier, related work on modeling supply chains.) A related network model, for semiconductor fabrication, appeared in Connors et al. (1996). Also refer to Buzacott and Shanthikumar (1993) for other network models using decomposition-based approximations. 

They presented a reference model for designing business processes in demand-driven fruit supply chains. The model consists of a reference modeling framework that defines process models at different levels of abstraction and includes a method of how they can be composed from a repository of building blocks. However, they did not provide any structured assessment approach to evaluate different business segments/industries in light of demand driven supply chain concepts. 

Propose a responsive supply chain business model Proposed a reference model for designing business processes in demand driven fruit supply chain in Europe Describe the design and implementation of demand driven freight transport application... 

The Supply Chain Operations Reference-model [12] has been developed and endorsed by the Supply-Chain Council (SCC), an independent non-profit-making corporation, as the cross-industry standard for supply-chain management. 

Supply Chain Council (2006). Supply-Chain Operations Reference-model-SCOR overview, Supply Chain Council, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA. Available at http //www.supply-chain.org. 

The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR ) model is a reference model for supply chain planning and operations processes as well as performance management developed by the cross-industry organization Supply Chain Council (SCC) started in 1996 (Supply Chain Council 2006 reviewed by Siirie/Wagner 2004, pp. 41-49). The SCOR model structures... 

Curran T, Keller G (1998) SAP R/3 Business Blueprint understanding the business process reference model, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River Datta S, Betts B, Dinning M, Erhun F, Gibbs T, Keskinocak P, Li H, Li M, Samuels M (2004) Adaptive Value Networks, In Chang YS, Makatsoris H, Richards H (eds) Evolution of Supply Chain Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, pp 3-68... 

Fig. 14.3 shows schematically how the hydrogen infrastructure options - comprising the whole supply chain of hydrogen from production (central or onsite), via transport and distribution to the (implementation of) refuelling stations - are modelled in MOREHyS. It has to be noted, that from the point of view of model implementation, transport refers to the transportation of hydrogen between different areas, while distribution is defined as the transportation of hydrogen within the... 

Nevertheless, improving or even innovating SCM design and operations is a reliable way to boost ROIC and therefore market value, as supply chains link nearly all parts of a company s business system. When Dell developed its radically new supply chain model, it was really thinking out of the box , and probably no one would have believed it would soon become the reference in (and outside) its industry, and one of the biggest and most valuable players in its sector. Similarly, other industries have indicated ways that the chemical industry can take in the near future. 

We give only a short description of the three supply chain configurations and their simulation models for details we refer to Persson and Olhager (2002). At the start of our sequential bifurcation, we have three simulation models programmed in the Taylor II simulation software for discrete event simulations see Incontrol (2003). We conduct our sequential bifurcation via Microsoft Excel, using the batch run mode in Taylor II. We store input-output data in Excel worksheets. This set-up facilitates the analysis of the simulation input-output data, but it constrains the setup of the experiment. For instance, we cannot control the pseudorandom numbers in the batch mode of Taylor II. Hence, we cannot apply common pseudorandom numbers nor can we guarantee absence of overlap in the pseudorandom numbers we conjecture that the probability of overlap is negligible in practice. 

A regime of external conditions e has to be defined and integrated in the simulation model. This is referred to as a scenario. In common sense, a scenario comprises both, stochastic processes reflecting environmental conditions and the general structure of the modelled system. Typically, the focus of simulation is on the internal processes of a supply chain under a more or less specific environmental regime. E.g. in chemical industry an SC s revenues depend mainly on product prices that can be realized. Due to the highly competitive market for basic chemicals and the inflexibihty of (continuous) production processes in combination with immense capital commitment for production plants, the focus for optimization is on the internal processes of a chemical supply chain. 

There are many possible proposed measures of supply chain performance. The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) [80] model is a consensus view across member companies of how to operate a supply... 

This figure symbolizes all the logistic supply chain components drawn from the Supply Chain Master reference model. To improve their logistic performance, companies have these drivers available dedicated to reliability. 

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