Supply chain framework

This chapter focuses on supply chain structure and ownership, one of the Cs in the supply chain framework. The chain structure is the backbone or the pipeline through which information and material flow in the supply chain. It is the process map of a supply chain that typically crosses many independent company boundaries. Once a supply chain map is generated, the location of entities, as well as ownership, and the connections to the rest of the supply chain architecture influence the observed lead times, costs, incentives, and thus performance, of the supply chain. 

An information technology solution for supporting supply chain configuration is built according to the supply chain framework and the architecture of the decision support systems proposed in Chaps. 4 and 5, respectively. It ensures integration among... 

INTRODUCTION A SUPPLY CHAIN FRAMEWORK WILL GUIDE EXECUTION... 

Introduction A Supply Chain Framework Will Guide Execution 3... 

Bichou, K. 2007. Review of port performance approaches and a supply chain framework to port performance benchmarking. In Brooks, M. and CuUinane, K. (eds.). Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance, Elsevier Amsterdam. 

Brewer and Speh (2000) have developed a supply chain framework that links the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard to corresponding supply chain management goals, as illustrated in Figure 3.11. 

Figure 7.8 shows average scores across all respondents on selected capabilities grouped by dimensions of the original agile supply chain framework shown in Figure 7.7. The data indicate that there is high importance associated with items from all four dimensions as all score close to or over 5 out of 7.

Seuring, S., and Muller, M., 2008. From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16, 1699-1720. 

Sundrum A and Acosta Aragon Y (2005), Nutritional strategies to improve the sensory quality and food safety of pork while improving production efficiency within organic framework conditions , Report of the EU-project, Improving Quality and Safety and Reduction of Costs in the European Organic and Low Input Supply Chains, no. CT-2003 506358. 

The coordinated approach contracting relationships built on collaboration, trust and close interpersonal ties define the coordinated approach. This approach means that the producer inherits the responsibility and costs of social auditing as they are passed down the supply chain. This is achieved, however, within the framework of close retailer-supplier relationships. Although subcontracting exists, known networks of traceable suppliers are involved. As such, it is possible to exert considerably greater control over the ethical trading process. 

Supply Chain Planning Matrix the Supply Chain Planning (SCP) Matrix provides a framework for supply chain management (Rohde et al. 2000, reviewed among others by Fleischmann et al. 2004, pp. 87-92) illustrated in fig. 14. 

Concluding, existing definitions use value chain management as alternative term for supply chain management focusing on supply volume decisions to fulfil a given demand and minimize costs. Especially, value and sales decisions are not covered in an integrated framework. 

The framework is mainly based on the supply chain management framework of Rohde et al. (2000). Rohde s work is gradually enhanced to address the aspects of synchronized decision making within the value chain and the integration of supply, demand and value management concepts as shown in fig. 17. The framework is structured into the areas value chain, processes and methods. 

Special concepts such as VMI or CPFR share the characteristic to be volume and supply-focused as in supply chain management. Although the terms may differ, the detailed processes and tasks match the overall value chain management framework, since the anatomy of the value chain is considered not to be different. 

A more marked acceptance of responsibility by the market actors - such as within the future framework of REACH - requires the development of new forms of communication and co-operation along the supply chains. If substance-related information (by substance manufacturers) and user-related information (by preparations mannfacturers and/or nsers) are not collected in the supply chains, the market actors remain dependent on assessments by state bodies. 

All in all the state framework for determining, assessing and communicating chemical-specific risks in the supply chains of the European market has an important significance. Localising responsibilities with the market actors at the individual stages of the supply chain, harmonisation of demands and standardisation of instruments are the essential challenges. 

The economic framework conditions for hazardous substance substitution have thus also changed considerably in the course of the past twenty years. Many commodities are produced today in globally organised supply chains the origin, quality and application conditions of process chemicals and product components is complex. Developing appropriate management systems for product quality and product safety requires considerable organisational innovation by the companies involved. 

The supply chain and its actors lie at the heart of the model (Figure 7), which is affected by various driving forces (supporting or restricting factors). The system s ability to be iimovative can thus be expressed as a constellation of actors with their possibilities for influence under certain framework conditions and in some cases a basic atmosphere of the system. ... 

The state provides to industry a harmonised framework for determining, evaluating and communicating risks in the European market (REACH). This also includes a form of standardisation for procedures, responsibilities and time frames in the chain, and options for state sanctions. This increases the market potential and innovation incentives for demonstrably application-safe chemical products. At the same time the basis is created for efficiency gains by employing universal IT solutions in the European market. However, the required framework also means that implementation is left to the industry and the market in many areas in order to leave enough scope for diversified solutions that are specific to the different supply chains. Simply the announcement of the REACH system has improved vertical communication in the supply chains and supported the consolidation of substance and application knowledge. 

The political requirement within Europe, that the industry should be responsible for the assessment of the 30,000 substances currently on the market and their applications is in line with the voluntary commitment of responsible care by the chemicals industry. Implementation of this -commitment has so far failed because many users of chemical products have not complied with it. The REACH system proposed by the EU Commission would create a regulative framework for structuring responsibility and information flow along the supply chain, in a binding marmer for the first time. The commercial institutions should respond to this state initiative. 

The SubChem project has produced numerous interesting scientific perspectives which require further examination. In the area of framework conditions, questions arise relating to the quality of markets or the type of competition as the main driving forces of innovation. An increased comprehension of the markets where companies (or supply chains) operate also reveals a novel appreciation of their scope and restrictions for action as well as their vulnerability towards other external influences. For example, market research explicidy devoted to the types of competition would be beneficial and provide comparative observations for a more precise classification than we have been able to discern with our resources. 

On a larger scale, Tsiakis, Shah and Pantelides (2001) developed a supply chain design for multiple markets and plants of steady-state continuous processes. Similarly, Ryu, Dua and Pistikopoulos (2004) presented a bilevel framework for planning... 

Neiro, S.M.S. and Pinto, J.M. (2004) A general modeling framework for the operational planning of petroleum supply chains. Computers el Chemical Engineering, 28, 871. 

Finally, if the registrant can prove that all risks are under control and the substance can be safely manufactured and used, the corresponding initial exposure scenario is defined as the final exposure scenario. In the end, the final exposure scenario is communicated within the framework of extended safety data sheets in order to ensure the safe use of the substance down the supply chain (Caveat The legal text of REACH usually refers to the term exposure scenario while in reality speaking of the final exposure scenario.) By contrast, if the registrant fails to lower the risk characterization ratio below 1, despite the aforementioned refinements and modifications, he must prevent the use of the substance under circumstances where the risks are not controlled. 

In the framework of Europe s future Chemicals Policy and due to the obligation to document environmental and health hazards associated with chemical substances, the supplier-customer relationship will be compelled to acquire an entirely new quality. The REACH system is in a way going to mandate an intensified dialogue between producers and users of chemicals in both directions of the supply chain ... 

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