Nutritional strategy

No specific dietary restrictions are recommended for patients with IBD, but avoidance of high-residue foods in patients with strictures may help to prevent obstruction. Nutritional strategies in patients with long-standing IBD may include use of vitamin and mineral supplementation. Administration of vitamin B12, folic acid, fat-soluble vitamins, and iron may be needed to prevent or treat deficiencies. In severe cases, enteral or parenteral nutrition maybe needed to achieve adequate caloric intake. 

Sundrum A and Acosta Aragon Y (2005), Nutritional strategies to improve the sensory quality and food safety of pork while improving production efficiency within organic framework conditions , Report of the EU-project, Improving Quality and Safety and Reduction of Costs in the European Organic and Low Input Supply Chains, no. CT-2003 506358. 

There is no other way to diminish the effects of sarcopenia but to maintain and increase physical activities and it is vital to keep a good nutritional strategy, especially in old age (Binder et al. 2005, Ades et al. 1996, Evans 1995). The way to be successful in this is to take up these habits early in life and be aware of the risks of inactivity. 

All relevant comparative trials and on-farm investigations conducted either to observe soil processes after conversion or to improve plant nutrition strategies found ... 

Morrissey, P.A., Buckley, D.J., Galvin, K. 2000. Vitamin E and the oxidative stability of pork and poultry. In Antioxidants in Muscle Foods. Nutritional Strategies to Improve Quality (E.A. Decker, C. Faustman, C.J. Lopez-Bote, eds.), pp. 263-287, John Wiley, New York. 

Willett, W, C. (1997), Potential benefits of preventive nutrition strategies, ht "Preventive Nutrition" (A, Bendich and R. J. Deckelbaum, eda,), pp- 423- 0. Humana Press, To-towa, NJ. 

World Health Organization. Joint Health and Nutrition Strategy to 2015. who.int/nmh/media/speeches/nmh adg speech unicef eb.pdf. 

Starfish (sea stars), sea cucumbers, brittle stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins are members of a group of spiny-skinned animals known as echinoderms. All echinoderms are radially symmetrical, and most have five or more arms extending from a central disk, as shown in Figure 4.5. Their bodies are supported by internal skeletons which are solid in some species and jointed in others. Most echinoderms are designed so that their mouths are located on the ventral sides and their anuses on the dorsal surface. Depending on the species, the nutritional strategies of echinoderms vary from carnivores to detritivores or herbivores. 

Van Soest, P. J. (1982). Rumen microbes. In "Nutritional ecology of the ruminant Ruminant metabolism, nutritional strategies, the cellulolytic fermentation and the chemistry of forages and plant fibers." Chap.10. In "Part IV Gastrointestinal Fermentations." Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 

Decker, E.A., Livisay, S.A., Zhou S., Mechanism of endogenous skeletal muscle antioxidants chemical and physical aspects, in Antioxidants in Muscle Foods Nutritional Strategies to Improve Quality, Decker, E., Faustman, C., and Lopez-Bote, C.J., Eds., Wiley Interscience, New York, 2000, p. 25. 

In conclusion, enhanced biodegradation is a desirable phenomenon to be exploited for detoxification of pesticide waste. Degradation of compounds that are not mineralizable can still be enhanced if appropriate nutrients and environmental conditions are present. Thus, microbial systems for waste disposal should not be limited by cometabolic nutritional strategies but will require more intensive study of the biochemical ecology of microorganisms. 

The microbial biosynthesis of P(3HB-4HB) copolymers was achieved using different nutritional strategies. Most of them are based on the carbon sources used to feed the cultures (butyric acid and different sugars, or a single carbon source structurally related to butyric acid such as 4-hydroxybutyric acid, y-butyrolactone or 1,4 butanediol Saito and Doi 1994 Kunioka et al. 1989). 

German, J.B. and Watkins, S.M. MetaboUc assessment - a key to nutritional strategies for health. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 15, 541-549 (2004). 

The authors have subsequendy surmised that MPS is resistant to the anabolic qualities of insuhn driven by mixed meals in the elderly. They clearly demonstrated that AA supplementation alone can overcome at least some of the age-related redueed stimidation (e.g., movement) or diminished sensitivity to normal anabohc faetors, suggesting a potential justification for long-term use of AA supplementation as a nutritional strategy for sarcopenia. 

Our inabihty to undertake quantitative evaluations of impacts of competing human nutrition strategies on human food availability is due in large part to the fact that current plant and animal production models are normally restricted to single species and have not been interfaced. ... 

Tamminga, S., 1996. A review on environmental impacts of nutritional strategies in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 3112-3124. 

In conclusion, at present, effective nutritional strategies based on dietary hpid supplementation of small ruminants allow to obtain levels of enrichment of CLA, VAand LNAhigher than 2.5%, 5% and 1.5% of milk fat, respectively, without any negative influence on milk yield and composition. However, in several studies a concomitant increase of tram Cl 8 1 isomer other than VA was observed. Because of the negative effect of trans FA on serum LDL cholesterol the total content of these FA in the enriched cheese should be carefully considered in the overall evaluation of the nutritional properties of this dairy product. Finally, specific clinical studies are needed in order to provide the scientific evidences that enriched dairy products may be beneficial to human health. 

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