Surface rendering

The presence of tensile stress in a metal surface renders that surface more susceptible to many kinds of corrosion than the same material in a non-stressed condition. Similarly, the presence of compressive stress in the surface layer can be beneficial for corrosion behavior. 

Fig. 3 Sialidase inhibitor Neu5Ac2en 4 bound in the active site of influenza A virus sialidase (from PDB structure IfSb (Smith et al, 2001)), Left Stick model of 4 surrounded by some important active site residues. Right Electrostatic potential surface rendering of the active site (blue -positive, red - negative), (Amino acid numbering for influenza A/N2 sialidase is used throughout this review)...

Fig. 2 Electrostatic surface rendering of Aspergillus oryzae (left) and Fusarium solani (right) cutinases. The solid density illustrates the groove on the surface proximal to the active site [53]...

Early observations, particularly the work of Vroman 2-5), showed that proteins adsorb on practically any surface. Vroman first showed 5a) that adsorption of protein on a hydrophilic surface rendered it less hydrophilic and also that protein adsorption on a hydrophobic surface rendered it hydrophilic. 

A common theme throughout this volume involves the adsorption and interfacial, especially biointerfacial, behaviour of all of the above mentioned nanomaterials. For environmental and human protection, the adsorption of heavy metal ions, toxins, pollutants, drugs, chemical warfare agents, narcotics, etc. is often desirable. A healthy mix of experimental and theoretical approaches to address these problems is described in various contributions. In other cases the application of materials, particularly for biomedical applications, requires a surface rendered inactive to adsorption for long term biocompatibility. Adsorption, surface chemistry, and particle size also plays an important role in the toxicological behaviour of nanoparticles, a cause for concern in the application of nanomaterials. Each one of these issues is addressed in one or more contributions in this volume. 

Kulynych JJ, Vladar K, Jones DW, Weinberger DR. 1996. Superior temporal gyrus volume in schizophrenia A study using MRI morphometry assisted by surface rendering. Am J Psychiatry 153(1) 50-56. 

Fig. 26. Schematic and 3-D surface rendered views of the PMMA 3-D phantom. (Reproduced from Ref. 98 with permission from Elsevier.)...

Fig. 3. A 9-A resolution reconstruction of Semliki Forest virus, (a) Density isosurface view of the reconstruction down an icosahedral 2-fold axis. One trimeric spike is boxed, and shown close up in a similarly boxed inset panel between parts (a) and (b). (b) The central section of the SFV reconstruction, showing the inner capsid, membrane bilayer, and outer E1-E2-E3 layer composed primarily of trimeric spikes, one of which is again boxed. The thick arrow points along a 2-fold axis, (c) A close-up view of the capsid layer from the virion interior, with the capsid protein fitted into the reconstructed electron density. This view is along a 2-fold axis, as marked in (b). (d) A close-up surface-rendered view across the viral surface through a 2-fold axis, showing the layers visible in (b). Showing the density at a single contour level highlights the different extents to which the layers of the virus are ordered.

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