Supercritical water oxidation application

Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO). Application to industrial wastewater treatment... 

Supercritical Water Oxidation Meeting. Achievements and Challengers in Commercial Applications. Aug 14-15, 2001, Arlington, VA. 

Most research work on the use of supercritical water has been conducted batchwise and involved non-analytical determinative applications. Thus, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) was proposed as an alternative treatment for hazardous waste disposal [191] and also as a commercial tool for decomposing trichloroethylene, dimethyl sulphoxide and isopropyl alcohol on a pilot plant scale [192]. Current commercially available equipment (the aqua Critox" system) is usable with industrial and municipal sludge, mixed (radioactive and organic, liquid and solid) waste and military waste. This commercially available treatment has a number of advantages, namely (a) because it uses an on-site treatment method, it avoids the need to transport hazardous materials (b) it ensures complete destruction of organic wastes and allows reuse of the effluent as process water with results that meet the regulations for drinking water and (c) no licence for effluent or air emissions is needed. 

More polymerization reactions carried out at supercritical conditions, select biomass conversion supercritical fluid technologies for hydrogen production, wider use of supercritical water oxidation processes, portfolio of self-assembly applications, a spate of opportunities in process intensification, many supercritical fluid aided materials synthesis applications, and numerous reactions for synthesis of specialty chemicals are expected for years to come. 

A variety of chemical and biological reactions involving supercritical fluid technology are being explored and developed. They include polymerization reactions, biomass conversion, hydrogen production, applications of supercritical water oxidation, self-assembly applications, synthesis of specialty chemicals, manufacture of materials with tailored properties, and much more. These developments and new ones are expected to mature and be commercially deployed in years to come. 

Marrone, P.A. Hodes, M. Smith, K.A. Tester, J.W. Salt precipitation and scale control in supercritical water oxidation—part B commercial/ full-scale applications. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2004, 29 (3), 289-312. 

G. T. Hong, W. R. Killilea and T. B. Thomason, Supercritical Water Oxidation Space Applications, ASCE Proceedings of Space 88, Albuquerque, NM, August 29-31, 1988. 

M. Modell and M. Svanstrom, Comparison of Supercritical Water Oxidation and Incineration for Treatment of Sewage Sludges, 6th Conference on Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications, September 9-12, Maiori, Italy, 2001. 

L. Stenmark, Aqua Critox , the Chematur AB Concept for SCWO, in Supercritical Water Oxidation—Achievements and Challenges in Commercial Applications, A. Nazeri, R. W. Shaw and P. A. Marrone (eds.). Proceedings of Workshop held August 14-15, 2001, in Arlington, Virginia, Strategic Analysis, Inc., 2001. 

P. A. Man-one, M. Hodes, K. A. Smith and J. W. Tester, Salt Precipitation and Scale Control in Supercritical Water Oxidation—Part B Commercial/Full-scale Applications, ... 

Monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid of chemotherapeutic interest, has been extracted from the seeds of Crotalaria spectabilis using supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide-ethanol mixtures (29). Other alkaloids that have been extracted using SFE include nicotine and caffeine. Environmental applications of supercritical fluids include regeneration of activated carbon, extraction of organic contaminants like polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls from water and soils, and the newly emerging field of supercritical water oxidation. 

Supercritical or.near-critical water has found technical applications for hydrothermal syntheses, as discussed in detail in Chapter 4.1. Another more recent industrid application of chemical reactions in SCFs is the oxidative destruction of chemical wastes in SCH2O (SCWO, supercritical water oxidation). A detailed coverage of the large and prolific field of SCWO is outside the scope of this book on chemical synthesis. The extensive pilot plant activity, primarily by MODAR (now General Atomics) and Eco Waste Technologies, has recently been sununarized by Schmieder [171]. The first commercial plant was opened by Huntsman Chemical in collaboration with Eco Waste. 

Batch supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) High-temperature technology still at the R D stage that is potentially applicable to destruction of neat agent and CAIS vials... 

A subsequent NRC report indicated that the findings presented in the 1998 NRC report Using Supercritical Water Oxidation to Treat Hydrolysate from VX Neutralization are still applicable to the SCWO system planned for Newport (NRC, 2000). For Pueblo, considerable additional data have been accumulated from Demonstration 1 and EDS testing, including the data resulting from a planned change in materials of construction from platinum to titanium. Nevertheless, concerns about the SCWO system for Pueblo remain. 

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