Super sacks

Storage and shipment are preferably molten. Insulated and heated tanks are used, as are insulated rail tank cars and tank tmcks. In the United States, rail tank cars can hold about 84 t, and tmcks about 20 t. The molten form can be handled and pumped in bulk form, and as a result is priced lower than the sohd. Sohd phthahc anhydride is available as flake in 1-t and 0.5-t super sacks, and 22.7-kg multiwall bags. 

Shipment Methods and Packaging. Pyridine (1) and pyridine compounds can be shipped in bulk containers such as tank cars, rail cars, and super-sacks, or in smaller containers like fiber or steel dmms. The appropriate U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements for labeling are given in Table 4. Certain temperature-sensitive pyridines, such as 2-vinylpyridine (23) and 4-vinylpyridine are shipped cold (<—10°C) to inhibit polymerisation. Piperidine (18) and certain piperidine salts are regulated within the United States by the Dmg Enforcement Agency (DEA) (77). Pyridines subject to facile oxidation, like those containing aldehyde and carbinol functionaUty, can be shipped under an inert atmosphere. 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is an innocuous material having unlimited storage stabiUty. It is most commonly suppHed in 20-kg, 22.7-kg (50-lb), and 25-kg bags equipped with a moisture barrier to prevent caking. PVA is also available in bulk or in super sacks. The FDA regulations governing the use of PVA are shown in Table 8. Poly(vinyl alcohol) maintains an exemption for tolerance from the EPA. 

Static charge generation due to too rapid transfer out of drum or flexible intermediate bulk container (super sack). 

Control rate of solids addition (e.g., size of opening in super sack)... 

After manufacture and characterization, the SMZ was shipped to OGI on flatbed trucks in 1-m3 super sacks. As described above, the sand and SMZ were packed into the pilot-test tank in lifts around the previously installed instrumentation. The aquifer sand was placed into a hopper with a small end-loader, then traveled up a conveyor and down a large tube to the approximate location where it was needed in the tank. The sand was then further spread and leveled by hand. The SMZ was added to the barrier in a... 

Clean water was flushed through the tank for several weeks in order to reduce contaminant concentrations. Water was then pumped from the tank to lower the water table to the 1 -m depth in preparation for excavation of the 14-40 SMZ. The 14-40 SMZ was manually excavated from the barrier cells starting with Cell 1 (farthest away from the tank wall). Two methods of emptying the cells were used. The first method involved using a small trash pump capable of pumping slurries. This method was somewhat effective and could be used successfully in laiger-scale applications where full-size pumps could be employed. The effluent from the trash pump was placed in a super sack, which acted as a filter to remove the SMZ from the water... 

Industrial starches are supplied to the paper mill in packages or bulk containers.9 The shipment of starch as a suspension in water is possible, but it is costly due to the need to transport about 65% water. Starch settles easily, is difficult to resuspend, and can easily spoil. Bags are shipped stacked in layers on pallets. Super sacks, which hold about 1000 kg starch, have lifting straps for handling them with forklift trucks or overhead hoists. The sacks are fitted with an outlet sleeve. 

Hexamine is produced as a granular and free-flowing powder as well as a 42.5% solution. The solution is shipped in tank tracks, railcars and drams. Solid forms are packed in bags, fiber drams and super sacks. Hexamine is sensitive to moisture. Therefore it should be stored in an atmosphere with a relative humidity below 60%126. 

To respond to customer orders on a timely basis, the facility maintains a huge stock of raw material in bags (super sacks) for the two and one-half operational runs each year. Use of railcars to ship material during the runs would decrease the bag disposal cost and materialhandling costs, and also improve quality. Quantitative analysis shows the elimination of... 

Figure 3 Dry vibrating magnetic filter. This separator is providing a final cleaning stage on specialty glass batch materials delivered in "super-sacks".

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