Shipment methods

Economic Aspects. Isophthahc acid in North America sold for 1.19— 1.32/kg in 1994, depending on the shipment method. The price of xylene plays a role, although not to the same extent as -xylene in terephthaUc acid. The far lower production volumes and smaller plant sizes for isophthahc acid do not give the same economies of scale. 

Shipment Methods and Packaging. Pyridine (1) and pyridine compounds can be shipped in bulk containers such as tank cars, rail cars, and super-sacks, or in smaller containers like fiber or steel dmms. The appropriate U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements for labeling are given in Table 4. Certain temperature-sensitive pyridines, such as 2-vinylpyridine (23) and 4-vinylpyridine are shipped cold (<—10°C) to inhibit polymerisation. Piperidine (18) and certain piperidine salts are regulated within the United States by the Dmg Enforcement Agency (DEA) (77). Pyridines subject to facile oxidation, like those containing aldehyde and carbinol functionaUty, can be shipped under an inert atmosphere. 

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