SUPER experiment

FIR) [25], where the recycle delay is made shorter than 5T and the experiment is carried out under the steady-state rather than equilibrium conditions. A still more time-saving variety, the super-fast inversion recovery (SUFIR) has also been proposed [26]. 

Canet D, Mutzenhardt P and Robert J B 1997 The super fast inversion recovery (SUFIR) experiment Methods for Structure Elucidation by High-Resolution NMR ed Gy Batta, K E Kdver and Cs Szantay (Amsterdam Elsevier) pp 317-23... 

In the preparation of this edition, we are indebted for much help to many of our colleagues, and in particular to Dr. P. Sykes, Dr. F. B. Kipping, Dr. P. Alaitland, Dr. J. Harley-Mason and Dr. R. E. D. Clark. We have maintained the standard which was self-imposed when this book was first written, namely, that all the experiments in the book had been critically examined, and then performed either by the authors, or under their super vision. The heavy load of work which this has involved would have been impossible without the willing, patient, and very considerable help of Mr. F. C. Baker and Mr. F. E. G. Smith. 

General site workers who attend the 40-hour course must have a minimum of 3 days of supervised field experience under the direct super-... 

Experiments showed that high methyl ester yields can be achieved with solid bases and super acids under moderate reaction conditions. The solid bases were more effective catalysts than the solid super acids. High stability can be achieved by an ordinary inexpensive preparation process, and the catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction products in the heterogeneous catalysis process. The costly catalyst removal process can be avoided compared with the homogeneous process. Therefore, the heterogeneous process using a solid catalyst should be more economical for biodiesel production. 

A comparative study [10] is made for crystal-growth kinetics of Na2HP04 in SCISR and a fluidized bed crystallizer (FBC). The details of the latter cem be found in [11]. Experiments are carried out at rigorously controlled super-saturations without nucleation. The overall growth rate coefficient, K, are determined from the measured values for the initial mean diameter, t/po, masses of seed crystals before and after growth. The results show that the values for K measured in ISC are systematically greater than those in FBC by 15 to 20%, as can be seen in Table 2. On the other hand, the values for the overall active energy measured in ISC and FBC are essentially the same. 

However, there is no indication that the presence of the observed signals correlates with the polymerization efficiency of the catalyst. In fact, systems which exhibit these signals are less effective catalysts and in some cases do not even polymerize ethylene under the chosen conditions. In contrast, systems without EPR signals correlated to Ti species are foimd to be catalytically active. It has to be emphasized at this point that the lack of an ESR signal associated to Ti + ions, in cases where no additional argon or electron bombardment has been applied, cannot be interpreted as an indication of the absence of Ti + centers at the surface. It has been discussed in the literature that small spin-lattice-relaxation times, dipole coupling, and super exchange may leave a very small fraction of Ti " that is detectable in an EPR experiment [115,116]. From a combination of XPS and EPR results it unhkely that Ti " centers play an important role in the catalytic activity of the catalysts. 

After the discovery of the combined charge and space symmetry violation, or CP violation, in the decay of neutral mesons [2], the search for the EDMs of elementary particles has become one of the fundamental problems in physics. A permanent EDM is induced by the super-weak interactions that violate both space inversion symmetry and time reversal invariance [11], Considerable experimental efforts have been invested in probing for atomic EDMs (da) induced by EDMs of the proton, neutron, and electron, and by the P,T-odd interactions between them. The best available limit for the electron EDM, de, was obtained from atomic T1 experiments [12], which established an upper limit of de < 1.6 x 10 27e-cm. The benchmark upper limit on a nuclear EDM is obtained from the atomic EDM experiment on Iyt,Hg [13] as d ig < 2.1 x 10 2 e-cm, from which the best restriction on the proton EDM, dp < 5.4 x 10 24e-cm, was also obtained by Dmitriev and Senkov [14]. The previous upper limit on the proton EDM was estimated from the molecular T1F experiments by Hinds and co-workers [15]. 

Super-Kamiokande light-water experiment reveals atmospheric neutrino oscillations. 

Double pump experiments on an organic charge transfer complex TTF-CA by Iwai and coworkers demonstrated a new class of coherent control on a strongly correlated electron-lattice system [44]. While the amplitude of the coherent oscillation increased linearly with pump fluence for single pump experiments, the amplitude in the double pump experiments with a fixed pulse interval At = T exhibited a strongly super-linear fluence dependence (Fig. 3.16). The striking difference between the single- and double-pulse results indicated a cooperative nature of the photo-induced neutral-ionic transition. 

The assumption that tertiary alkyl cations are not stable in solvents other than super-acids is widespread and was apparently well founded on many experiments by different workers over many years [20, 24]. For this reason the stability of our polymerised solutions was astonishing and it seemed at first unlikely that the cation of the electrolyte could be a simple tertiary ion the tert-butyl cation in the experiment with tert-butyl bromide and the ions 2-4 in the polymerised solutions. This was because we did not know then that Cesca,... 

A Some of the most interesting and informative experiments in this field were done by Pepper s group and then at Keele and elsewhere with anhydrous perchloric acid as the initiator. It is therefore historically important that in the present super-cautious, safety conscious era, few, if any, workers are ever likely to follow Pepper s pioneering work with this hazardous material, to test the reproducibility of these classical findings. The same applies of course to our studies on the polymerisation of various 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes, most of which were also done with anhydrous HC104, see Chapter 7. There is no substitute for it, as every acid behaves differently and in particular the lazy worker s substitute aq. HC104 + acetic anydride, is a very different initiator system. 

To make cut pile carpets, two strands of BCF yarns are twisted together and heat-set with steam using a Superba heat setting machine at 135-145 °C or at 175-195 °C when heat-set with super-heated steam in a Suessen. An experimental design experiment [94] showed the higher the heat set temperature, then the lower is the bulk of the final carpet, but there is an increase in the tip definition and walk performance. The tufted carpets are then dyed with disperse dyes at atmospheric boil [95] in a continuous or a batch process. PTT carpets showed excellent resiliency in walk test experiments, equivalent to a nylon and much better than both PET and polypropylene, had lower static charge of <3.5 kV, and were resistant to coffee, mustard, betadine, red acid dyes and other stains [96],... 

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