Pulse interval

Double pump experiments on an organic charge transfer complex TTF-CA by Iwai and coworkers demonstrated a new class of coherent control on a strongly correlated electron-lattice system [44]. While the amplitude of the coherent oscillation increased linearly with pump fluence for single pump experiments, the amplitude in the double pump experiments with a fixed pulse interval At = T exhibited a strongly super-linear fluence dependence (Fig. 3.16). The striking difference between the single- and double-pulse results indicated a cooperative nature of the photo-induced neutral-ionic transition. 

The olefinic carbons C2 and C3 were assigned by (a) a partially relaxed dynamic experiment in which by proper choice of pulse interval the C2 carbon resonances, having longer remained as inverted signals while the C3 carbons recovered to positive values and (b) from the proton-covipled spectrum, in... 

For example, one can apply to a single qubit an impulsive phase modulation, e t) = with varying phase 0 and pulse intervals r. This can be applied as a... 

Product moisture content during spraying (dependent variable) Atomizing air volume/pressure Batch size Outlet filter shake (pulse) interval/time... 

Temperatures, Injector, 250°C column, 190°C manifold, 200°C detector, 190°C Detector, titanium tritide operated in the pulse mode at 50V amplitude, l-/usec pulse width, and 100-/usec pulse interval... 

Fourth, coherent excitation by means of femtosecond laser pulses of a controllable pulse interval makes it possible to control to some extent the coherent evolution of molecules in an intermediate excited state and... 

When several pulse interferograms must be accumulated in order to improve the signal noise ratio, x is the minimum repetition time between two pulses or the minimum pulse interval. 

Fig. 2.14. 22.63 MHz PFT 13C NMR spectra of 3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline 200 mg/mL deuteriochloroform proton decoupled 512 accumulated pulse interferograms pulse width 10 ps pulse interval 0,4 s ...

An obvious way to avoid signal noise attenuation for slowly relaxing carbons is to add a delay time to the pulse interval. This relaxation delay should be at least in the order of 3 7]. However, accumulation of pulse interferograms becomes time consuming by this method. 

Fig. 3.8. 22.63 MHz PFT t3C lH NMR spectrum of glycylalaninc 0.3 mol/L in deuterium oxide pll = 3.4 25 C 2048 accumulated pulse interferograms pulse width 5 ps pulse interval 0,4 s magnitude internal reference D = 1,4-dioxane ...

Fig. 5.6. PFT 1 1H NMR spectra of D-ribose, 22.63 MHz. 1 g/2 mL D20, temperature 30 C, accumulation of 2000 pulse interferograms (6 K data points), 90 pulses, pulse interval 6 s, 2500 Hz, the numbers of the signals refer to the numbering of the C atoms. A quantitative evaluation of the spectrum gave 62% of /j-ribopyranosc (P (i), 20.3% of a-ribopyranose (Pa). 11.6% of /1-ribo-furanose (Ffi) and 6.1 % of a-ribofuranose (Fa) [132b],...

Fig. 7.8. Change in the fragment ion yield ratio of m29/m3i- The pulse interval between two transform-limited pulses with the same energy is changed...

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