Summary of the invention

To complement the discussion of problems and prior pubHcation in the background of the invention, N, the inventor may generally provide a summary of the invention disclosed in the instant patent. The summary of the invention, O, should provide an explanation of the invention in the broadest and simplest terms and should also discuss how the invention disclosed in the patent solves problems remaining in prior work in this area of technology. 

The summary of the invention presents the kind of patent that lies in hand, for example, a utility one dealing with compositions of matter, and shows that the invention possesses novelty. It indicates that the patent is directed to chemical compounds as drugs and names their broad structural class. The summary also specifies the diseases that the compounds prevent or treat and mentions methods of meiking and using them. Compared to summaries from the chemical literature, patent summaries can be insubstantial many convey few particulars of the invention, which appear in the detailed description instead. 

The summary of the invention section, which is next, should set out the exact nature, operation, and purpose of the invention by describing it in one or more clear, concise sentences or paragraphs. " A detailed description of the invention will likely follow. There s some variation in which of these two will show the Markush describing compounds of the invention and the laundry list defining substituents thereof, but one or the other will always have this important information. In composition of matter patents, the summary may also describe the use of such compounds in pharmaceutical compositions and the use of such compositions to treat one or more diseases. 

A patent application typically contains a background statement which gives the field of the invention and explains the state of the art prior to the invention and the need for the invention. It then gives a summary of the invention followed by a detailed description. There is typically a section that... 

The Record of Invention. The second phase of developing a record of the invention is to condense the record into a summary form which serves several purposes. Specifically, the record of invention estabUshes a date of invention through attached copies of notebook records, spectra, and the like which all prove that the invention has in fact been conceived and reduced to practice in some form having practical utihty. 

However, even if there is some disclosure of the invention in the prior activity, the law of patents in the United States requires a high level of detail concerning the invention. A summary of factors to consider in establishing that an invention is not obvious is as foUows ... 

The bulk of the patent specification is the disclosure, the text and illustrations that describe the claimed invention in detail and explain how the claimed invention differs from the prior art. Modem patent disclosures contain a summary of the claimed invention, a description of the background of the invention, a general description of the way in which the invention is made and used, specific examples, and, where appHcable, drawings of the invention in general or specific embodiments. The technical information provided in a patent specification may be used without infringing the patent only practicing the invention defined in the claims within the term and territory of the patent grant is forbidden. Because much of the information in patent specifications is never pubHshed in refereed journals or other nonpatent media, patent disclosures are an invaluable part of the technical Hterature. 

This monograph is an expansion and revision of the review I wrote earlier with my mentor Jeremy Knowles (Bayley and Knowles, 1977). Jeremy s earlier short review remains an excellent summary of the essential idea of photoaffinity labeling. Another review that will remain valuable is from Frank Westheimer s laboratory where photoaffinity labeling was invented (Chowdhry and Westheimer, 1977). Westheimer has also written a delightful short history and prospectus of the subject (Westheimer, 1980). Several additional reviews concerning special aspects of photochemical reagents are cited in this text. 

The following table contains a summary of the above results in terms of the effects of the inventive silver composition on a wide variety of microbes and human diseases. In some cases, the data presented in the table is not... 

A patent comprises a brief description of the prior art (the narrow segment of technology) in areas related to the subject of the patent. Usually this is followed by a brief summary of what is being patented. A more detailed description of what is involved in the invention is then given, accompanied by descriptions of some detailed examples that illustrate the application of the invention. Usually at least one of the examples described is a description of an experiment, which was actually carried out, but they need not all have been actually tested. Differentiation between actually tested examples and hypothetical examples described in the body of the patent is made on the basis of the tense used in the description. If it is described in the past tense (i.e., was is used throughout), then it is a description of a tested example. If it is given in the present tense, it describes a hypothetical example. To be able to differentiate the two types of examples is of particular interest to synthetic chemists, for example, who are likely to be more successful if they follow a procedure of a tested rather than a hypothetical example. The last, and most... 

Patent applications have fixed formats that often vary between patent offices but nevertheless require a similar information submission a background, summary, details of invention, and so on. The patent application must be comprehensive to demonstrate novelty and the inventive step in light of prior art it should be understood that the purpose is not to fool the patent examiner into allowance, but to protect the invention from competitors who will challenge it, should it be worth anything. A full disclosure is required to keep the infringers out, to decrease the chance of their success in knocking out a patent. Additional statements are included defining the features of the invention for use as a basis for specific... 

Patent applications are written to protect know-how. Patents contain examples to prove the inventions. Tables existing in patents show the advantages of the invented products or processes in comparison to the state of the art. The data published in patents over the years cannot be compared with each other, because the test methods (some standardized, some not) have been changed, and misleading conclusions could be made. On the other hand, the products marketed by different companies have technical data sheets made in accordance with the valid standards, e.g. IEC (International Electrical Commission). It is difficult, if not impossible, to get a link between the data from a patent applications and data sheets. Therefore no tables from patents have been included in this review. The tables listing properties are summaries of data sheets from our company products. 

---