Knowles, Jeremy

The title of a Nature paper by the Amory Houghton Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Harvard University, Jeremy R. Knowles (Knowles, 1991). 

This monograph is an expansion and revision of the review I wrote earlier with my mentor Jeremy Knowles (Bayley and Knowles, 1977). Jeremy s earlier short review remains an excellent summary of the essential idea of photoaffinity labeling. Another review that will remain valuable is from Frank Westheimer s laboratory where photoaffinity labeling was invented (Chowdhry and Westheimer, 1977). Westheimer has also written a delightful short history and prospectus of the subject (Westheimer, 1980). Several additional reviews concerning special aspects of photochemical reagents are cited in this text. 

Bacterial Resistance to B-Lactams The g-Lactamases Jed F. Fisher, Jeremy R. Knowles 13, 239... 

Phosphorus chemistry and biochemistry are enormous topics, and obviously this essay touches on only a few aspects of the subject many other aspects are discussed in detail in this volume by others. This introduction to the symposium is built around the commanding importance of electrostatics in the chemistry and biochemistry of phosphates and phosphites, but that emphasis necessitated omitting a discussion of many other topics. These include, for example, pseudorotation in the hydrolysis of cyclic esters of phosphorus, a fascinating topic to which Edward Dennis and David Gorenstein and others in my laboratory have made significant contributions (28). The brilliant work of Usher, Richardson and Eckstein (29) which (if you will pardon a pun) ushered in the determinations of the stereochemistry at phosphorus in the reactions of phosphate esters, has been omitted, as has the work of Jeremy Knowles (30) and his coworkers, who demonstrated how to use 0 6, 0 7 and 0 8,... 

John (Michael) Brown, Cliff Davies, Bob Denning, Robert Fox, John Freeman, Susan Green, Peter Grout, Karl Ffarrison, Annie Jamieson, John Ff. Jones, Paul Kent, Jeremy Knowles, Matthew Lodge, Graham Richards, Rex Richards, John Shorter, Tony Simcock, Keith Waters. 

Note that the mechanism, as indicated above, implies inversion of stereochemistry at the phosphorus. Proving that, however, was no simple matter because an ordinary phosphate group is not stereogenic. In 1978, in an experimental tour de force, Jeremy Knowles and coworkers at Harvard used and isotopes to create organic phosphates with stereogenic phosphate groups in enantiomerically enriched form. Subsequent experimental work confirmed inversion of stereochemistry in the product, providing support for the overall Sn2 nature of the process. 

I would like to express my appreciation to Loretta A. McQuaid, Paul M. Chouinard, Charles R. Johnson, and Robert T. Lum, who carried out the research described above. We would like to thank Professor Jeremy R. Knowles for providing us with purified chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase used in the studies described in Tables 2 and 3 as well as an authentic sample of shikimate-3-phosphate. The financial support of Merck Sharp Dohme, as well as the National Institutes of Health (grant no. GM-28965), is also gratefully acknowledged. 

George L. Kenyon (62), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California A. P. Kimball (37), Department of Biophysical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas Jeremy R. Knowles (8), Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts William H. Konigsbebo (57), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Ernst Kuechler (81), Institut fur Bio-chemie, Universitdt Wien, Vienna, Austria... 

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