Know-how, protection

What are the technologies of the integrated circuits that are being used within the design of the system One cannot protect something, if one doesn t know how it breaks. 

Special optical fibres have been intensively investigated during recent years because of their potential wide-range use for on-line monitoring of material properties or processes in a number of areas of human activity (environment protection, food industry, medicine etc.) Their technology can be considered an integral part of the team-work on optical fibre sensors development. Despite special optical fibres represent a unique and often indispensable tool for a variety of sensor applications, special fibre production still represents only a small fraction of the market. Probably it is because of their low consumption (in comparison with standard telecommunication fibres), the need for much more advanced know-how and lower reproducibility. 

This Statement was prepared to give you information about acrylonitrile and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,177 sites on its National Priorities List (NPL). Acrylonitrile has been found at 3 of these sites. However, we do not know how many of the 1,177 NPL sites have been evaluated for acrylonitrile. As EPA evaluates more sites, the number of sites at which acrylonitrile is found may change. The information is important for you to know because acrylonitrile may cause harmful health effects and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to acrylonitrile. 

Protection layers between the titanium metal and the electrocatalytic coating, for example, of substoichiometric titanium oxides (see Ebonex above), increase the stability by shielding the metal, for example, to avoid the formation of insulating titanium dioxide layers on the metal [35]. The preparation of such electrodes with optimal properties usually needs the special know-how of commercial suppliers. 

For the successful coinmerciahsation of almost all biocatalysis products, patent protection is essential since without patent protection, and the prospect of a period of enforceable monopoly in which to recoup investment and make a profit, it is unlikely that the substantial investment required for bringing a product process to the market will occur. Frequently, the compare making the invention does not wish to, or is not able to, bring the invention to the market itself. Instead, it enters into an alhance with a partner which is better able to do this. In this case, and especially in the period where it is still uncertain that the product will be useful or commercially successful, patents and patent applications, and the know-how associated with the product or processes, may be the most valuable asset of the company. 

In some circumstances secret know-how may be more desirable as a form of protection than patents. For example, processes for making a product where the process caimot readily be reverse-engineered, and where there is patent protection for the product, may better be kept as know-how. Similarly, if exclusivity can be obtained by keeping secret a particular cell-line or vims or other form of biological material and the prospect of a competitor being able to make a copy of the material is veiy low, it may be better to keep this as know how. The key question to be considered is whether, as a practical matter, the know how can be kept secret employees may leave to work for competitors, or publish scientific papers which inadvertently reveal know how. 

Furthermore, although total removal of any one of the necessary conditions for a fire will absolutely prevent its occurrence, such stringent restrictions on industrial operations are seldom economically feasible. Industrial materials are, however, studied with a view to ascertaining just how much leeway there is, so that a compromise between absolute fire prevention and economy of operation may be reached. It is for this reason that, while we know how to prevent fires, they still do start, and why loss limitation is such an important part of industrial fire protection... 

Sale of its hitherto unpaid know-how Higher profit if smaller volumes of chemicals are used Environmental protection REACH compliance... 

My rapier flashed out. They produced stilettos, but those blades looked as long as swords to me, and bravos know how to use swords. Luckily I had left my cloak just draped on my shoulders, unfastened. I swirled it loose and leaped into the comer to have my back protected. Father Farsetti was hurled aside, his yells ignored. 

Manufacturing constraints and processes are a major component of a product s value. Inherent complexity in a manufacturing process can become a protection if the know-how specific to a process is kept confidential or if it is patented. Such complexities might, however, be constraints and so a barrier to licensing the product. When considering a product, awareness of its ease of manufacturing is a vital component for the business developer. 

There will come a time, however, when the information required from a company which will permit a decision on whether or not to continue with an enquiry is of a confidential nature, such as a trade secret, some form of know-how or an as yet unfiled patent which cannot be shared without legal protection for the company divulging the information. The means to avoid this issue is by drawing up of a confidential disclosure agreement (CD A) sometimes called a non-disclosure agreement (NDA). The latter acronym may confusing... 

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