Summary and Future Research Directions

Further, in interpreting biological diversity, both within and across populations, it is important to keep in mind that biological systems are dynamic rather than static and the expression of genetic predisposition is constantly modified by environmental exposure. This is most clearly demonstrated in the case of the 

Source. Reprinted from Lin K-M, Poland RE, Lau JK, et al. Haloperidol and Prolactin Concentrations in Asians and Caucasians. / Clin Psy-chopharmacol 8 195-201,1988. Used with permission. 

In addition to culture and ethnicity, other key sociodemographic variables, such as age and sex, have also been known to influence significantly the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropics and other pharmaceutical agents (jensvold et al. 1996). For example, the activity of most P450 enzymes declines substantially in older individuals (Kinirons and Crome 1997 Tanaka 1998), who are also likely to have progressive loss of neuron cells as well as receptors targeted by psychotropics (Salzman 

Acosta FX, Yamamoto J, Evans LA Effective Psychotherapy for Low-Income and Minority Patients. New York, Plenum, 1982 Adebimpe VR Overview white norms and psychiatric diagnosis of black patients. Am J Psychiatry 138 279-285,1981 Aklillu E, Persson I, Bertilsson L, et al Frequent distribution of ultrarapid metabolizers of debrisoquine in an Ethiopian population carrying duplicated and multiduplicated functional CYP2D6 alleles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278 441-446,1996 

Allen JG, Rack P, Vaddadi K Differences in the effects of clomipramine on English and Asian volunteers preliminary report on a pilot study. Postgrad Med J 53 79-86,1977 

---

M.U. Thomas, S.S. Rao. Warranty economic decision mod-els A summary and some suggested directions for future research . Operations Research 47 (1999) 807-820. 

This chapter is divided into three migor parts. In the first part, synthesis of boron and boron-based nanomaterials will be discussed, with an emphasis on different aspects of methodologies currently being employed. The second section will describe the general properties of the different boron-based nanomaterials governed by their structural features with several important application fields, followed by the summary and a brief outlook on future research directions. 

The Advanced Seminars have been crucial for evaluating the utility and validity of existing methods and results, discussing potential improvements in methods, and setting priorities for future research. A brief summary of the advances made in previous seminars and future directions of research on chemical and isotopic techniques of diet reconstruction follows. 

In summary, TEM not only shows direct images of the mesopores, but also reveals a lot of information about the local structures of the individual particles. It is obvious that the future research programs in this field still more or less rely on the structural studies on a scale of nanometer to submicrometer and, as demonstrated above, TEM is one of the most powerful techniques for the studies of mesoporous silicas and related materials. 

During the workshop, various participants made suggestions for future research needs in the area of bioinspired chemistry for energy. Most of the suggestions have been collected and are summarized below in Table 6.1. Further details about these suggestions may be found in the earlier chapters of this workshop summary, or by directly contacting the speakers. 

This chapter provides a summary of the current state of knowledge on metamorphic monazite, xenotime, and apatite. Details of geochronological approaches are addressed elsewhere (Harrison et al. this volume), and this chapter will focus on petrology. The chemistries of these minerals will be summarized, and examples of zoning and paragenesis presented. As will be seen, much is as yet unknown about the behavior of these accessories during metamorphism, and directions for future research to address the outstanding questions will be discussed. 

The paper closes with a summary of the opportunities that can be gained for engineering of automated production systems by means of Semantic Web Technologies and with directions for future research. 

Book reviews of previous volumes have offered constructive criticisms that have been helpful to the Editors in planning for future volumes of Vitamins and Hormones. To some reviewers and readers it has seemed that each volume is a series of disconnected articles. Since there are many vitamins and hormones and since the. research on each must be reviewed from the chemical, biological and clinical viewpoint before the subject is completely covered, the contents of any one volume must necessarily be somewhat unrelated. The subject matter of successive volumes will integrate more and more until Vitamins. vnd Hormones eventually becomes a complete reference to all active research in the vitamin and hormone field. Meanwhile, each chapter will serve as a thorough summary of progress in a small area of these fields and point the way toward which future research should be directed. 

The large size of CPOs allows their direct observation. For this purpose, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is the best method [32,34]. Electron microscopic analysis is used for phthalocyanine 3 and its derivatives however, most of the porphyrin derivatives are decomposed by electron beam irradiation. Presently, although only a limited number of researchers are able to perform atomic-scale resolution measurement, this powerful analytical method is expected to be used widely in the future. The author reported a summary of STM studies on porphyrins elsewhere [34]. 

---