Summaries, collection

The following summary collects together information from throughout the book which would allow you to carry out qualitative analysis. 

Values of parameters for the Margules, van Laar, Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations are given for many binary pairs by Gmehling et al.t in a summary collection of the world s published VLE data for low to moderate pressures. These values are based on reduction of data through application of Eq. (11.74). On the other hand, data reduction for determination of parameters in the UNIFAC method (App. D) is carried out with Eq. (12.1). 

For various reasons, it has been decided to close the present series of Back-to-Basics and collect the articles in a book that can be placed on a shelf and used as a reference source. It is an unusual book format, having a large number of rather short chapters together with a collection of brief summaries, included as Appendix A. Thus the book will still serve the dual purposes of describing fundamentals and additionally providing a concise synopsis of each article. 

Data Collection and Analysis Pertinent to the PA s Development of Guidelines for Procurement of Highway Construction Products Containing Recovered Materials, EPA Contract 68-01-6014, Draft, Vol. 1, Issues and Technical Summary, Franklin Associates, Ltd., and Valley Forge Laboratory, Inc., July 6, 1981. 

There is an admirable summary of the stereochemistry of barbiturates and di- to hexahydropyrimidines Further information on reduced pyrimidines is collected <70HC 16-81)322) and some examples of the use of proton NMR spectra in elucidating the conformations of hydropyrimidines is given elsewhere (Section 2.13.1.3.1), based on the general principles of such work <65QR426). 

Raw data must be analyzed and transformed into a format useful for specific purposes. Summary tables, graphs, and geographic distributions are some of the formats used for data display. Air quality information often consists of a large body of data collected at a variety of locations and over different seasons. Table 15-3 shows the tabular format used by the California Air Resources Board to reduce ozone hourly measurements to a format which shows information about compliance with air quality standards (6). The format has location, maximum values, annual means, and number of occurrences of hourly values above a given concentration as a function of the month of the year. One can quickly determine which areas are violating a standard, at what time of the year elevated concentrations are occurring, and the number of good data points collected. 

An ESP is a particulate control device that uses electrical forces to move particles entrained within an exhaust stream onto collection surfaces. The basic theory has already been described under dry ESPs, but a brief summary here is included, with... 

The series of Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Conferences on Shock Compresion of Condensed Matter provides an especially rich collection of data by many authors. Table 1.3 gives a summary of those reference sources. 

The following is a summary of a recent paper [1] that discusses the relative frequencies of many of the incidents described in this book. It is based on an analysis of almost 500 incidents in the oil and chemical industries. I have added references to the book when accounts of similar incidents are collected in one place, but when they are scattered, for example, tliose referring to drains and vents, please consult the index. 

Summaries of the data resourees considered useful were prepared. Useful data was defined as information that was publicly availdWe, scientifically collected, had statistical merit, and could be used for CPQRAs. A list of rejected resources was retained to identify references for supplemental reading and to avoid review duplication when the anticipated second edition of this book is developed. In total, 72 resources were accepted, and over 200 references were rejected. 

This data collection effort was concentrated on the following components because of their extensive populations and repair action documentation pumps, valves, electrical positioning devices, electric motors, and drives. For each component type, preface pages and data summary tables are provided. Separate data summary tables are provided for each component type and are structured in a format that allows for the inclusion of the number of pieces of operating equipment, the total number of operating hours, total number of failures, and hourly failure rates with upper and lower bounds. 

Three reports have been issued containing IPRDS failure data. Information on pumps, valves, and major components in NPP electrical distribution systems has been encoded and analyzed. All three reports provide introductions to the IPRDS, explain failure data collections, discuss the type of failure data in the data base, and summarize the findings. They all contain comprehensive breakdowns of failure rates by failure modes with the results compared with WASH-1400 and the corresponding LER summaries. Statistical tables and plant-specific data are found in the appendixes. Because the data base was developed from only four nuclear power stations, caution should be used for other than generic application. 

Appendix III of this report provides a detailed description of the reliability data used in event tree and fault tree quantification. Because of its extensive operating experience and the uniqueness of the BRP design, BRP plant-specific data was used whenever possible. Plant-specific data sources included plant maintenance orders, control room log books, surveillance tests, LERs, event reports, deviation reports, plant review committee meeting minutes, and USNRC correspondence. The plant-specific data used spanned the period from 1970 to 1979. Data before 1970 did not include maintenance orders or surveillance tests and therefore were excluded. The plant-specific data collected for BRP is presented in detail in Appendix XIII. Table III-4 summarizes 30 plant-specific component failure rates and Table 11-06 contains plant-specific maintenance unavailabilities for 20 components. These tables are a summary of the BRP component failure and maintenance outages. 

---