Sulfur formaldehyde concentration

Explodes on contact with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ammonium nitrate, dimethylformamide, formaldehyde, concentrated hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride + sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid + water. Forms sensitive explosive mixtures with aluminum powder + ammonium nitrate + glyceryl nitrate + nitrocellulose, ammonium perchlorate, arsenic, phosphorus, sulfur, slag wool, titanium. 

Marquis Aromatics Acetic acid solution— formaldehyde Concentrated sulfuric acid Varies according to the compound... 

Resins based on para-substituted phenols can be either one-step or two-step, but they cannot cure to a thermoset state. In the manufacture of phenolic resins, smaller quantities of acetaldehyde and furfuraldehyde are used in addition to formaldehyde. Furthermore, resorcinol, bisphenol A, and p-alkylphenols are employed, in addition to phenol, when special properties are desired. Formaldehyde concentrations of 37-50 weight % in aqueous solutions are most commonly employed. The catalysts most frequently used are acids such as oxalic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, p-toluenesul-fonic, and phosphoric and bases such as sodium, calcium, and barium hydroxide. In the weakly acidic range metal carboxylates are employed. Thermoset phenolic resins are employed as structural adhesives for laminating and bonding applications. Para-alkyl-substituted resins are employed as tackifiers in contact adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives, and hot-melt adhesives. 

The kinetics of the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid (5-45% by wt) at different temperatures (5 , 15°, and 25 °C) was reported to be first-order [26]. The activation energy for the reaction varies from 12.51 kcal/mole to 14.59 kcal/mole in the range of sulfuric acid concentrations studied [26]. 

Addition of sodium dithionite to formaldehyde yields the sodium salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid [79-25-4] H0CH2S02Na, which retains the useful reducing character of the sodium dithionite although somewhat attenuated in reactivity. The most important organic chemistry of sodium dithionite involves its use in reducing dyes, eg, anthraquinone vat dyes, sulfur dyes, and indigo, to their soluble leuco forms (see Dyes, anthraquinone). Dithionite can reduce various chromophores that are not reduced by sulfite. Dithionite can be used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols (348). Quantitative studies have been made of the reduction potential of dithionite as a function of pH and the concentration of other salts (349,350). 

Benzene reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid and formaldehyde to produce a brown precipitate. A similar reaction occurs with ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide. The resulting brown soHd is dissolved in nitric acid for comparison with color standards. 

Tetrachloroethylene reacts with formaldehyde and concentrated sulfuric acid at 80°C to form 2,2-dichloropropanoic acid [75-99-0] (8). Copolymers with styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile are formed in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide (9,10). 

Aromatic aldehydes give 2-aryl-4-oxo derivatives (181) in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid (70EGP73039), whilst pyrimidine derivatives (182) give octahydropyrido[4,3-with formaldehyde (e.g. 66M52). A similar reaction is observed with 6-methylpyrimidinones (e.g. 70M1415). 

Inhaled gaseous compounds are absorbed in all parts of the respiratory system whereas particle size determines how deep into the airways the parti cles will he transported in the airstrearn. Shortness of breath is a typical sign of a chemical exposure that has affected the lungs, and it may be evoked through iminunological mechanisms (e.g., formaldehyde, ethyleneoxide), or through toxic irritation (formaldehyde, isocyanates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, Frequently the mechanism depends on the concentration ol the com... 

Hexachlorophene, a substance used in the manufacture of germicidal soaps, is prepared by reaction of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol with formaldehyde in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Propose a mechanism for the reaction. 

CASRN 75-18-3 molecular formula C2H0S FW 62.14 Photolytic. Sunlight irradiation of a mixture of methyl sulfide (initial concentrations 0.2-2.5 ppm) and oxides of nitrogen (86-580 ppb) in an outdoor chamber at various time intervals (2-7 h) yielded nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitric acid, formaldehyde, and methyl nitrate, a sulfate aerosol, and methane sulfonic acid (Grosjean, 1984a). 

Several color reactions were reported for heterocycbc nitramines RDX and HMX [43, 44, 53, 58]. These nitramines release formaldehyde when treated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Therefore, the use of 1,8-dihhydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (chromotropic acid) in concentrated sulfuric acid — a known reagent for the detection of formaldehyde [4] — produced the expected violet-pink color. The reaction is hardly specific other compounds that release formaldehyde under similar conditions will react in the same way. 

The condensation of a primary nitramine with formaldehyde in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid is a useful route to 1,3-dinitramines. A number of linear dinitramines have been prepared via this route including 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane (212), 3,5-dinitro-3,5-diazaheptane (213), and 5,7-dinitro-5,7-diazaundecane (214). ... 

Preparations of Resins. Most of the Novolak resins studied were prepared in sealed tubes, following the known procedures (24). Comparisons were made on samples prepared in this way. However, the 2-chloro-5-methylphenol-formaldehyde Novolak resin was made for more comprehensive studies in the following manner. The warm, preformed mixture of 107 g of 2-chloro-5-methylphenol and 40.5 g of trioxane was added dropwise to a mixture of 107 g of the phenol and 4.9 g of concentrated sulfuric acid (96% assay) at 125 to 130°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The thickening mixture was then heated to 160 to 170°C, and finally the mixture was placed under vacuum at 180°C for 30 min. The reaction is as follows ... 

The reaction of ferrocene and formaldehyde in either concentrated sulfuric acid or liquid hydrogen fluoride, followed by reduction, produces a compound containing two ferrocenyl and two methylene groups (57, 98, 123). After several incorrect assignments had been proposed for the structure of this condensation product, Rinehart and coworkers showed by an unequivocal synthesis that the product was 1,2-diferrocenylethane (XIX) (104). The mechanism of the reaction presumably involves the initial formation of ferrocenylcarbinol (XX) followed by ionization in the strongly acidic medium to the ferrocenylmethyl-carbonium ion (XXI). Conversion to radical ion XXII followed by dimerization and subsequent reduction produces the product. 

When paraformaldehyde is added to a solution of II in concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature, a rapid reaction takes place, yielding colorless to orange polymeric compositions depending upon the ratio of reactants and the reaction condition employed (17). It is reasonable to assume that the polymerization of II with formaldehyde proceeds in a fashion similar to that of an activated aromatic ring with formaldehyde to yield as final products the diarylmethane and dimethylene oxy-derivatives, IV and V (Equation 9). 

The nitroamines are substituted ammonias, substances in which a nitro group is attached directly to a trivalent nitrogen atom. They are prepared in general either by the nitration of a nitrogen base or of one of its salts, or they are prepared by the splitting off of water from the nitrate of the base by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid upon it. At present two nitroamines are of particular interest to the explosives worker, namely, nitro-guanidine and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (cyclonite). Both are produced from synthetic materials which have become available in large commercial quantities only since the first World War, the first from cyanamide, the second from formaldehyde from the oxidation of synthetic methyl alcohol. 

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