Sulfur-containing compounds, combustion

General Incineration (oxidation) is the best-known method for the removal of gaseous industrial waste. Combustible compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water by the overall exothermic reactions [Eq. (13.72)]. When chlorinated or sulfur-containing compounds are present in the effluent, the products of combustion include HCl/CE or S02/S03. ... 

The detector is based on the combustion of sulfur-containing compounds in a hydrogen rich air fleuie of a FID to form sulfur monoxide. The hydrogen/air flow rate ratio is the most critical parameter controlling the production of sulfur monoxide. Under optimum conditions sulfur monoxide may account for up to 20% of the sulfur species in the flame. Sulfur monoxide is a free radical and a very reactive species that is short lived however, it can be stabilized in a vacuum, and a ceramic probe under reduced pressure can be used to sample it in the flame and transfer it to... 

The speciation of the gas-phase sulfur depends on the parent fuel and the reaction conditions [204]. The sulfur-containing compounds occurring in combustion range from simple species such as H2S in natural gas and produced from gasification of solid fuels to com-... 

W. N. Hubbard, C. Katz, and G. Waddington, A rotating combustion bomb for precision calorimetry. Heats of combustion of some sulfur-containing compounds,. Phys. Chem. 58 142-152 (1954). 

A complete combustion reaction is the reaction of a compound or element with 02 to form the most common oxides of the elements that make up the compound. For example, a carbon-containing compound undergoes combustion to form carbon dioxide, C02. A sulfur-containing compound reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide, S02. 

Compounds that contain elements other than carbon also undergo complete combustion to form stable oxides. For instance, sulfur-containing compounds undergo combustion to form sulfur dioxide, S02, a precursor to acid rain. Complete combustion reactions are often also synthesis reactions. Metals, such as magnesium, undergo combustion to form their most stable oxide, as shown in Figure 4.11. 

Sulfur containing compounds (H2S, COS) that release SOi during gas combustion. 

Calorimetry Heats of Combustion of Some Sulfur Containing Compounds, paper presented at the 122nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N. J., September 1952. 

Sulfur-containing compounds are present to some extent in the natural, unpolluted atmosphere. They originate in the bacterial decay of organic matter, in volcanic gases, and from other sources listed in Table 18.2. The amount of these compounds released into the atmosphere worldwide from natural sources is about 24 X 10 g per year, less than the amount from human activities, about 79 X 10 g per year (principally related to combustion of fuels). 

What is the product of the combustion of sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds in air Write the reaction. 

The operation of the sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) is based on the combustion of sulfur-containing compounds in a hydrogen-rich/air flame of a flame ionization detector to form sulfiir monoxide (SO) (equation 1). Sulfur monoxide is then detected based on an ozone-induced, highly exothermic chemiluminescent reaction to form electronically excited sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) (equation 2). The excited sulfur dioxide, upon collapse to the ground state, emits light with a maximum intensity around 350 nm that is detected in a manner similar to that of the FPD (equation 3) (2,5),... 

Sulfur dioxide is a colorless, nonflammable gas with a strong suffocating odor. It is formed by burning sulfur directly or by burning sulfur-containing compounds. Sulfur dioxide is emitted during fossil-fuel combustion, especially coal, and by industry in the extraction of iron and copper from their ores. Sulfur is also emitted naturally during volcanic eruptions. 

The sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) for GC was developed by Benner and Stedman and is based on the formation of sulfur monoxide from sulfur containing compounds by combustion in a reducing hydrogen/oxygen flame (73). The effluent from a column enters a combustion tube with a stainless steel burner maintained at 800°C. The combustion process, however, can achieve temperatures of 1800°C. The products of combustion are transferred to a reaction cell under vacuum, and ozone is added to the reaction cell, resulting in a chemiluminescence reaction. 

Sulfur analysis is demanding as sulfur compounds are inherently difficult to measure because they are polar, reactive and often present at trace levels. Preparation of standards, especially gases, is also difficult. Sulfur-selective detection in FPD is based on combustion of sulfur-containing compounds in a hydrogen-rich/air flame to produce Sj. The emission from Sj is monitored using a PMT positioned near the flame. The problems of FPD for sulfur detection are well documented [558]. 

For solutions derived from the combustion of sulfur containing compounds, boil gently for about 10 seconds with 1 ml of 100 volume hydrogen peroxide, neutralise to phenolphthalein with 1 N sodium hydroxide and then add 1 ml in excess boil to destroy excess of peroxide, cool and adjust the pH to about 4 with 1 N hydrochloric acid. 

A process development known as NOXSO (DuPont) (165,166) uses sodium to purify power plant combustion flue gas for removal of nitrogen oxide, NO, and sulfur, SO compounds. This technology reHes on sodium metal generated in situ via thermal reduction of sodium compound-coated media contained within a flue-gas purification device, and subsequent flue-gas component reactions with sodium. The process also includes downstream separation and regeneration of spent media for recoating and circulation back to the gas purification device. A full-scale commercial demonstration project was under constmction in 1995. 

If the compound contains sulfur, the complete combustion produces sulfur dioxide,... 

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