Combustion range

Fuel LHV HHV (MJ/kg) (MJ/kg) Stoichiometric Air/Fuel Ratio (kg) Combustible Range(%) Min. Flame Ignition Autoignition Temperature (°C) Energy (MJ) Temperature (°C) ... 

The speciation of the gas-phase sulfur depends on the parent fuel and the reaction conditions [204]. The sulfur-containing compounds occurring in combustion range from simple species such as H2S in natural gas and produced from gasification of solid fuels to com-... 

The combustion index is applicable to solids and gives a qualitative indication about combustibility, ranging from one to six. Index 1 corresponds to no combustion and Index 6 to a violent combustion with fast propagation. From Index 4, the combustion propagates through to the solid. 

The ENEA headquartered in Rome, Italy (www.enea. it) is the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment. ENEA has labs located in multiple locations in Italy and conducts a wide range of industrial combustion ranging in many application areas with particular emphasis on the environment, climate change, and sustainability. Chapter 12 discusses advanced laser measurements made at ENEA. 

In tests on the higher boiling members of the homologous series of n-alkanes from n-triacontane up to n-hexacontane, two strong peaks are found which are easy to evaluate. These peaks are the LTO peak and the peak in the fuel combustion range. In the range of fuel deposition more than one peak appears. Evaluation of the numerous small peaks is problematic and rarely valuable. Evaluation is normally limited to one or two well-defined peaks. The peak temperatures of eight n-alkanes... 

Fig. 4-179 DSC Oxidation in Air, Fuel Combustion Range Activation Energy E versus Pressure P Curve 1 n-Hexacontane Curve 2 n-Hexylpyrene Curve 3 Vacuum Residue Curve 4 Asphaltenes Curve 5 Dispersion Medium Curve 6 Aetivated Carbon (Charcoal)...

Fig. 4-215 Oxidation in Air of Bitumen B80 Fuel Combustion Range STA Diagram In Heating Rate versus 1 000/Kelvin Kinetics according ASTM E 698-79...

Figure 22.2.6. Vapor pressure and combustion range of cycloparaffins.

Combinations of antimony trioxide (ATO, Sb203) with halogenated flame retardants exhibit superior performance to those without Sb203. Antimony trioxide reacts as shown in Fig. 4.27 with hydrogen halide to provide a controlled release of SbXs over a combustion range of 245-565°C as shown (13). 

Although the crossover current densities are not significant (for example, at O2/H2 pressures of 100/200 bars, the crossover current density is 21.2 mA cm 2), potential formation of explosive gas mixtures must be considered and avoided. The last two columns in Table 3.15 list the ratios of O2 or H2 crossover current density to the electrolysis current density (ECD) at 200 and 400 mA cm , respectively. For a mixture consisting of H2 and O2, the combustion range is around 4-94% vol. H2 (Wikipedia). Table 3.15 shows that the maximum H2 pressure within an electrolyzer cannot be higher than about 35 and 70 bars at 200 and 400 mA cm electrolysis current densities, respectively, in order for the H2 vol.% to be lower than 4%. 

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