Sulfur, cell data

Table 1 gives the calculated open circuit voltages of the lead—acid cell at 25°C at the sulfuric acid molalities shown. The corrected activities of sulfuric acid from vapor pressure data (20) are also given. 

Sulfur poisons catalytic sites in the fuel cell also. The effect is aggravated when there are nickel or iron-containing components including catalysts that are sensitive to sulfur and noble metal catalysts, such as found in low temperature cell electrodes. Sulfur tolerances are described in the specific fuel cell sections of this handbook." In summary, the sulfur tolerances of the cells of interest, by percent volume in the cleaned and altered fuel reformate gas to the fuel cells from published data, are ... 

Numerous other types of cells exist such as zinc-air, aluminum-air, sodium sulfur, and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH). Companies are on a continual quest to develop cells for better batteries for a wide range of applications. Each battery must be evaluated with respect to its intended use and such factors as size, cost, safety, shelf-life, charging characteristics, and voltage. As the twenty-first century unfolds, cells seem to be playing an ever-increasing role in society. Much of this is due to advances in the consumer electronics and the computer industry, but there have also been demands in numerous other areas. These include battery-powered tools, remote data collection, transportation (electric vehicles), and medicine. 

A gas chromatograph coupled to a MC-ICP-MS for the precise determination of isotope ratios as part of the speciation application has been described, for example, for the elements S, Pb, Hg and Sb.2 Transient signals of sulfur isotope ratios (32S/34S) have been measured in an isotopic gas standard (PIGS 2010, IRMM) to determine SF6 using GC-MC-ICP-MS (Isoprobe, Micromass, UK) with a hexapole collision cell.42 For data evaluation of chromatographic peaks, peak integration limits were defined by the determination of a uniform isotope ratio zone inside... 

Costonis et al. (33) were unable to demonstrate a positive correlation between ambient sulfur dioxide levels and inorganic sulfur ion accumulation in the needles of pines which are injured by relatively low levels of sulfur dioxide in the air. White pines growing in air polluted with more than 0.25 ppm of sulfur dioxide are often stunted, and a direct correlation can be obtained between plant growth and ambient S02 levels (34). However, tissue analysis does not reveal a measurable rise in sulfur level as inorganic sulfate ions. It is posible that the excess sulfur is incorporated into cell protein, but the data conflict (28, 35). For these reasons, it is not possible to follow sulfur accumulation in plants chronically exposed to low levels of ambient S02 without resorting to labeled S02. 

A number of mechanisms allow a cell to become resistant to cisplatin. The most commonly acknowledged ones include decreased drug uptake [16], increased levels of sulfur-containing macromolecules reacting with cisplatin [17], and increased DNA repair [18]. Increased tolerance to cisplatin adducts may also play a role in the appearance of a resistant phenotype. This is as suggested by data obtained in some ovarian carcinoma cells in which resistance is accompanied by a reduced rate of adduct removal when compared to the sensitive parental cell-line [19]. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown but has been correlated with an increased replicative bypass of platinum-DNA adducts. 

Jones and Bradshaw [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 55, 1780 (1933)] found the resistance of a conductance cell (Z4) when filled with mercury at 0 to be 0.999076 ohm when compared with a standard ohm. The cell Z4 and another cell Yi were filled with sulfuric acid, and the ratio of the resistances Yi/Za was 0.107812. The resistance of a third cell Ni to that of Fi, i.e., iV /Fi, was found to be 0.136564. Evaluate the cell constant of iV2, calculating the specific resistance of mercury at 0 from the data on page 4. (It may be mentioned that the result is 0.014 per cent too high, because of a difference in the current lines in the cell Z4 when filled with mercury and sulfuric acid, respectively.)... 

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