Sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone

Ismail AF, Othman NH, Mustafa A (2009) Sulfonated polyether ether ketone composite membrane using tungstosilic acid supported on silica-aluminium oxide for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). J Membr Sci 329 18-29... 

Mecheri B, D Epifanio A, Traversa E, Licoccia S (2008) Sulfonated polyether ether ketone and hydrated tin oxide proton conducting composites for direct methanol fuel cell applications. J Power Sources 178 554-560... 

Shan J, Vaivars G, Luo HZ, Mohamed R, Linkov V. Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (PEEK-WC)/phosphotungstic acid composite ... 

Figure 7.10 Schematic representation of the possible interactions between the sulfonated polyether-ether ketone and the titanium-based component in the hybrid matrix.

Figure 7.16 Water uptake in sulfonated polyether-ether ketone (SPEEK) +Ti02 nanocomposite membranes as a function of the filler content. 0 refers to the untreated T1O2,1 to the dopamine-treated Ti02, and 2 to the polyethylene-imine-treated T1O2.

Zhou et al. [173] studied the effects of surface treatment of calcium carbonate particles with sulfonated polyether ether ketone on the mechanical and thermal properties of composites with polyether ether ketone in various proportions prepared using a twin-screw extruder. These workers used tensile, impact, and flexural testing, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The influences of filler particle, loading, and surface treatment on deformation and crystallinity of polyether ether ketone were discussed. 

In a cost comparison by Gebert et al. [42], it is concluded that sulfonated Polyether ether ketone (S-PEEK) and phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (H3PO4-PBI) could be a factor of five cheaper than Nafion. As discussed earlier, this cost advantage is only helpful when not offset by lower MEA power density. 

It has been suggested that instead of membranes made from perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs), membranes be used made from other, heat-resistant polymers containing the sulfonic acid group. One could think here of sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) and sulfonated polyether ether ketones (SPEEKs). Membranes made from such polymers have a sufficiently high protonic conductivity at elevated temperatures but are less sensitive to lower humidities and water loss. 

Another intrinsic approach has been proposed by Li et al. (2010). This time, the polymer network itself was used to heal the hydrophobicity by molecule displacement. The coating employed was made using layer-by-layer deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) with sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone (SPEEK) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) with final addition of lH,lH,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS) by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on the PAH-SPEEK/PAA coating. After removal of surface layers by O2 plasma, hydrophobicity was restored as a function of time and relative ambient humidity. 

S. M. J. Ztiidi, S. D. Mikhailenko tmd S. Kaliaguine, Sulfonated polyether ether ketone based composite polymer electrolyte membranes, Catal. Today 67, 225-236 (2001). 

S. M. J. Zaidi, S. D. Mikhailenko and S. Kaliaguine, Electrical properties of sulfonated polyether ether ketone/polyetherimide blend membranes doped with inoigtmic acids, J. Polymer Sci. B Polym. Phys. 38, 1386-1395 (2000). 

V. SUva, B. Ruffmann, H. Silva, H. Mendes, A. Madeira and S. P. Nunes, Zirconium oxide modified sulfonated polyether ether ketone membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications, Materials 2003-11 International Materials Symposium, Caprica, Portugal, April 14-16 (2003). 

F. G. Wilhelm, 1. G. M. Pimt, N. F. A. Van der vagt, H. Strathmann and M. WessUng, Cation permeable membranes from blends of sulfonated Polyether ether ketone and polyether sulfone, J. Membr. Sci 199, 167-176 (2002). 

Fig. 32 SPI SEM-EDX sulfur content data ( ) obtained for various degrees of sulfonation. Data obtained in the same conditions for sulfonated polyether ether ketones prepared by post-sulfonation (O) are given for comparison...

Nation Si02/sulfonated polyether ether ketone 0.077 (90 °C, 100 % RH) [92]... 

Kumar, R., Mamlouk, M., Scott, K., Sulfonated polyether ether ketone-sulfonated graphene oxide composite membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 617-623. 

DCM, dichloromethane DMA, N,N dimethylacetamide DMF, N,N dimethylformamide NMP, l-methyl-2-pyiTolidone PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane PI, phase inversion PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride RH, relative humidity SD, spinodal decomposition SE, solvent evaporation SPEES-WC, sulfonated polyetherethersulfone with cardo group SPEEK, Sulfonated polyether ether ketone TBABr, tetrabutilamonium bromide VIPS, vapor-induced PS. 

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