Sucrose production, industrial

The sweetener-products industry has grown to become one of enormous productive capacity. Worldwide annual production of sucrose from cane and beets now amounts to —80 million tons (73 million metric tons), and production of pure D-glucose and syrups from starch amounted to —10 million tons (9.1 million metric tons) in 1976. 

In a mixture of sugars, if the sweetness values of the components are calculated in terms of dextrose sweetness, the values become additive rather than supplemental as they appear to be when calculated in terms of sucrose sweetness as the standard (3). The sugar and corn products industries, through the nature of their products, have given the confectioner a flexibility and a challenge to his creative abilities for producing new candy. 

F marche europeen du sucrose The sucrose production of the EU(IS) on the basis of - sugar beet processing takes the fourth range in the world (14%) behind North-and South-Amer-ica and Asia. S. is regulated by the Common Market Order (1986).which was established to enable the EU sugar industry to provide the consumers with sucrose at appropriate, stabile prices and to ensure sufficient income for the producers. 

Sucrose Industry, By-products industrie sucrifere, produits secondaires Sucrose Molasses m lasse Sucrose, Nonfood Utilization sucrose, matifere brute industrielle Sucrose WorldMarket sucre,march6mondial Sugar Beet betterave sucri re Sugar Beet Processing betteraves sucri res, traitement... 

The development of high fmctose com symp (HECS) may provide another health benefit attributable to cereal grains (see Syrups). These symps are being used to an ever-increasing extent by the food industry. Shortly after HECS came on the market, a dramatic increase in the price of sucrose acted as a spur to the production of the high fmctose symps. 

A more abundantiy produced substance is ethanol for use in alcohoHc beverages, and as a fuel, solvent, and feedstock for organic syntheses. Ethanol (qv) production from sucrose is carried out in Europe (eg, France and the Netherlands), India, Pakistan, China, and on a very large scale in Brazil, where it is used as a motor fuel. A valuable by-product of ethanol fermentation is industrial CO2 (see Carbon dioxide). 

Sucrose is widely used in the food industry to sweeten, control water activity, add body or bulk, provide crispness, give surface glaze or frost, form a glass, provide viscosity, and impart desirable texture. It is used in a wide variety of products from bread to medicinal symps. 

Media used for laboratory studies of exopolysaccharide production may vary considerably from industrial production media. In laboratory studies pure substrates such as glucose, sucrose and glycerol, can be used to determine exopolysaccharide yields. In industrial production the main factors that influence the decision as to which substrate to use are ... 

The literature in this field is confusing because of a somewhat haphazard method of nomenclature that has arisen historically. This is compounded by some mistakes in structure determination, reported in early papers, and which are occasionally quoted. The first part of this chapter deals with nomenclature and with a brief overview of early work. Subsequent sections deal with the formation and metabolism of di-D-fructose dianhydrides by micro-organisms, and the formation of dihexulose dianhydrides by protonic and thermal activation. In relation to the latter topic, recent conclusions regarding the nature of sucrose caramels are covered. Other sections deal with the effects of di-D-fructose dianhydrides upon the industrial production of sucrose and fructose, and the possible ways in which these compounds might be exploited. An overview of the topic of conformational energies and implications for product distributions is also presented. 

Attention was first directed toward the dextrans about the middle of the last century as these slimes were at times a serious problem in the wine and beet sugar industries. In the latter, jelly-like masses blocked the filters and interfered with the refining processes by retarding crystallization. Dextran, at various times, was regarded as a protoplasmic constituent of the beet cell,22 a product of sucrose fermentation, and as cellulose produced by fermentation.22 The empirical formula, (CeHioOs)n, for dextran was obtained2422 at an early date (about 1875) on hydrolysis, the substance was found to yield only D-glucose.1422-24 A tribenzoate and a triacetate of dextran were prepared by Daumichen.24... 

Heterogeneous catalysts, particularly zeolites, have been found suitable for performing transformations of biomass carbohydrates for the production of fine and specialty chemicals.123 From these catalytic routes, the hydrolysis of abundant biomass saccharides, such as cellulose or sucrose, is of particular interest. The latter disaccharide constitutes one of the main renewable raw materials employed for the production of biobased products, notably food additives and pharmaceuticals.124 Hydrolysis of sucrose leads to a 1 1 mixture of glucose and fructose, termed invert sugar and, depending on the reaction conditions, the subsequent formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a by-product resulting from dehydration of fructose. HMF is a versatile intermediate used in industry, and can be derivatized to yield a number of polymerizable furanoid monomers. In particular, HMF has been used in the manufacture of special phenolic resins.125... 

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