Subject pressing

To establish a global mapping, we asked subjects to read vignettes containing a series of conceptual metaphors from a single coherent domain. The passages were presented one sentence at a time subjects pressed a key to see the next sentence. The final test sentence was either consistent, in that the same metaphor was maintained throughout, e.g.,... 

Scott S K 1994 Oscillations, Waves and Chaos in Chemical Kinetics (Oxford Oxford University Press) A short, final-year undergraduate level introduction to the subject. 

Metallic sodium. This metal is employed for the drying of ethers and of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The bulk of the water should first be removed from the liquid or solution by a preliminary drying with anhydrous calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate. Sodium is most effective in the form of fine wire, which is forced directly into the liquid by means of a sodium press (see under Ether, Section II,47,i) a large surface is thus presented to the liquid. It cannot be used for any compound with which it reacts or which is affected by alkalis or is easily subject to reduction (due to the hydrogen evolved during the dehydration), viz., alcohols, acids, esters, organic halides, ketones, aldehydes, and some amines. 

This completes our introduction to the subject of molecular spectroscopy. More advanced treatments of many of the subjects treated here as well as many aspects of modern experimental spectroscopy can be found in the text by Zare on angular momentum as well as in Steinfeld s text Molecules and Radiation, 2 Edition, by J. I. Steinfeld, MIT Press (1985). 

Soft-wheat flours are sold for general family use, as biscuit or cake flours, and for the commercial production of crackers, pretzels, cakes, cookies, and pastry. The protein in soft wheat flour mns from 7 to 10%. There are differences in appearance, texture, and absorption capacity between hard- and soft-wheat flour subjected to the same milling procedures. Hard-wheat flour falls into separate particles if shaken in the hand whereas, soft-wheat flour tends to clump and hold its shape if pressed together. Hard-wheat flour feels slightly coarse and granular when mbbed between the fingers soft-wheat flour feels soft and smooth. Hard-wheat flour absorbs more Hquid than does soft-wheat flour. Consequently, many recipes recommend a variable measure of either flour or Hquid to achieve a desired consistency. 

Lithography. Of the principal printing processes, Hthography is by far the most widely used. But in spite of usage and the numerous studies (60) to which Hthography has been subject over many years, the mechanism of the process is not well understood. This lack of knowledge reflects the complexity of the various interactions of ink, plate, and water that come into play whenever a Hthographic plate mns on press. 

Isostatic pressing gives a highly uniform product, although the production rate is somewhat low. It typically contains very small grains and Uttle or no porosity. In this process, a mbber sock or bag of the desked shape is filled with the refractory mix. The sock is then subjected to extremely high pressure in a hydrauUc pressure chamber. 

In the older method, still used in some CIS and East European tar refineries, the naphthalene oil is cooled to ambient temperatures in pans, the residual oil is separated from the crystals, and the cmde drained naphthalene is macerated and centrifuged. The so-called whizzed naphthalene crystallizes at ca 72—76°C. This product is subjected to 35 MPa (350 atm) at 60—70°C for several minutes in a mechanical press. The lower melting layers of the crystals ate expressed as Hquid, giving a product crystallizing at 78—78.5°C (95.5—96.5% pure). This grade, satisfactory for oxidation to phthaHc anhydride, is referred to as hot-pressed or phthaHc-grade naphthalene. 

The preferred method for synthesis of complex carbides is the powder metallurgy technique. Hot-pressed powder mixtures must be subjected to prolonged annealing treatments. If low melting or volatile components are present, autoclaves are used. 

N. R. Legge, G. Holden, and H. E. Schroeder, eds.. Thermoplastic Elastomers—H Comprehensive Keview Cad Hanser Vedag and Oxford University Press, Munich, New York, 1987. This reference and the next are recommended for readers who wish to obtain more detailed information on the subject. 

The turbo-tray dryer can handle materials from thick slurries [1 million (N s)/m (100,000 cP) and over] to fine powders. It is not suitable for fibrous materials which mat or for doughy or tacky materials. Thin slurries can often be handled by recycle of dry product. Filter-press cakes are granulated before feeding. Thixotropic materials are red directly from a rotary filter by scoring the cake as it leaves the drum. Pastes can be extruded onto the top shelf and subjected to a hot blast of air to make them firm and free-ffowing after one revolution. 

Transmission of Forces As pressure is applied to a powder in a die or roll press, various zones in the compact are subjected to differing intensities of pressure and shear. Compaction stress decreases with axial distance from the applied pressure [Strijbos et al.. Powder Tech., IS, 187 209 (1977)] due to frictional properties of the powder and die wall. For example, the axialpressure experienced within a cyhndrical die with an applied axial loaa Oq may be estimated to a first approximation by... 

Alternatively, reactant and product gases can be distributed to and removed from individual cells through internal pipes in a design analogous to that of filter presses, (iare must be exercised to assure an even flow distribution between the entiv and exit cells. The seals in internally manifolded stacks are generally not subject to electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses, but are more numerous than in externally manifolded stacks. 

Cold pressing Bonding process whereby an assembly is subjected to... 

Taken from W. S. Fyfe, Geochemistry, Oxford University Press, 1974, with some modifications and additions to incorporate later data. The detailed numbers are subject to various assumptions in the models of the global distribution of the various rock types within the crust, but they are broadly acceptable as an indication of elemental abundances. See also Table 1 in C. K. J0RGENSEN, Comments Astrophys. 17, 49-101 (1993). 

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