Subject passive transfer

Information on immunological effects in humans after dermal exposure to 2,4-DNP is limited. Three methods of skin testing were performed on 157 people, 117 of whom were patients with hay fever, asthma, or urticaria (Matzger 1934). For the patch test, 10 mg of sodium 2,4-DNP was applied to the forearm or back under waxed paper. For the scratch test, 2 mg sodium 2,4-DNP in saline or 2 drops of a 2% aqueous solution was rubbed on a scarification. For the intradermal test, 0.01-0.02 ml of 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1% sodium 2,4-DNP was introduced in the upper arm. In the indirect or passive transfer test, blood serum from a patient with a violent clinical reaction to DNP was introduced intradermally in nonallergic subjects. After 24 hours, the sites of passive transfer were tested intradermally with 2,4-DNP. The direct tests and the passive transfer test were negative. 

In a subject with rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma due to phthalic anhydride and giving immediate skin and bronchial reactions to appropriate solutions, Maccia et al. (1976) have obtained a positive RAST for specific IgE antibodies to a conjugate of phthalic anhydride and bovine serum albumin. Passive transfer of skin test sensitivity to phthalic anhydride has been reported (Kern 1939), and lymphocyte transformation has also been reported (Gervais et al. 1972). 

Immunologic-type agents are confirmed by specific positive radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) and by negative tests on control subjects, rarely by passive transfer tests (Prausnitz-Kiistner tests) in animals. In vitro tests can also be used to assess the relationship with a possible IgE-mediated mechanism, namely, determination of histamine release from peripheral basophils or platelet cytotoxicity test, which explores the presence on platelets of specific IgE antibodies bound to the low-affinity receptor for IgE. 

Another naturally occurring ribozyme which catalyzes phosphodiester transfer reactions is the hairpin ribozyme. The hairpin ribozyme has been the subject of a number of excellent review articles [24,25]. Several independent studies performed recently have indicated that the hairpin ribozyme has an interesting feature which distinguishes it from the aforementioned ribozymes mechanistically While the HHR, the group I intron, the HDV ribozyme and many other ribozymes that we are going to meet in this review are metalloenzymes and require divalent metal ions in their active sites for functional group activation, divalent metals ions only play a passive role (they are mainly required for cor-... 

As seen from (3.29), zooplankton are considered passive elements of the ecosystem subject to physical processes of transference in space as a result of water movement. However, zooplankton are known to migrate mainly in the vertical direction. In the given model we can use a simple mechanism to simulate the process of vertical migration of zooplankton. For this purpose, we divide the whole water thickness into two layers 0 < z < z0 and z0 < z < H. Let us suppose that zooplank-... 

It is worth noting that, as far as they are less than several nanometers thick, the passive films are subject to the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons. Electron transfer at passive metal electrodes, hence, easily occurs no matter whether the passive film is an insulator or a semiconductor. By contrast, no ionic tunneling is expected to occur across the passive film even if it is extremely thin. The thin passive film is thus a barrier to the ionic transfer but not to the electronic transfer. Redox reactions involving only electron transfer are therefore allowed to occur at passive film-covered metal electrodes just like at metal electrodes with no surface film. It is also noticed, as mentioned earlier, that the interface between the passive film and the solution is equivalent to the interface between the solid metal oxide and the solution, and hence that the interfacial potential is independent of the electrode potential of the passive metal as long as the interface is in the state of band edge pinning. 

The sensitizing capacity of the serum from allergic subjects has been known since the classical transfer experiments of Prausnitz-Ktlstner. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat is essentially identical to the reaction of Prausnitz-KUstner. A skin area of normal rats is sensitized to an allergen by the local injection of serum containing specific IgE-antibodies and appropriate... 

Kinetic studies were made of Apo C in normal subjects. It was impossible to build a complex compartmental model quantifying the exchanges between lipoproteins, since quick passive exchanges were not experimentally separable from exchanges involving mass transfer appearing with the entry of chylomicron or native VLDL into circulation. The kinetics of individual lipoproteins for Apo C were thus illusory. 

Many students do not attempt the tutorial questions before the class due to heavy workloads. They typically remain passive, often ask few questions and blindly accept the solutions presented. As such, most of the tutorial classes do not achieve the purpose of mutual tutor-student interaction due to one-way transfer of knowledge from the faculty members to the students. The conduct of geotechnical tutorials is no different from other subjects. 

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