Stubble

Hair Removers. Hair removers are designed to remove hair from the skin surface without cutting ia order to avoid uadesirable stubble. Cosmetic products have beea developed for chemical destmctioa of hair, that is, depilatioa, and for facilitating mechanical hair removal, that is, epilation. 

A major source of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons is open burning of agricultural residue. Over 2.5 million metric tons of particulate matter per year are added to the atmosphere over the United States from burning rice, grass straw and stubble, wheat straw and stubble. 

The drawback with late lambing is its dependence either on a buoyant store lamb market in September and October or else on the feasibility of growing a catch crop, such as stubble turnips or rape, on the farm, so that lambs can be fattened satisfactorily outdoors during the autumn and early winter. Again, intestinal parasites can be a problem, with the period of maximum risk, late July and August, occurring before the younger lambs have had a chance to build up their own immunity. 

Turnips are generally lower in dry matter content than swedes and are divided into two main groups white-fleshed varieties (8% dry matter), often called stubble turnips, which are frost susceptible and prone to bruising, but grow very fast and make valuable catch crops which can be grazed in situ and yellow-fleshed varieties (8-10% dry matter) which are whole season crops and produce higher yields. 

Stubble turnips were found to be almost the equal of white mustard as a catch crop and source of nitrogen to subsequent crops (Kotnik Kopke, 2000). 

Study 1. Wheat ( McNair 1813 ) was planted at the Central Crops Research Station near Clayton (Lynchburg sandy loam) and the Tidewater Research Station near Plymouth (Bayboro loam), North Carolina, at a rate of 101 kg/ha in October of 1980. The following spring or early summer, plots were set up in which a green wheat cover crop or wheat straw and stubble remaining after wheat harvest was (1) left... 

It sounds so dry, so puritanical. So dead. How can I bring them alive, yet have a clear scholarly conscience How can I make Elizabeth and Anthony breathe Did the stubble scratch her ankles after the Grafton harvest How did he live through the months as a prisoner of war in Calais When Edward seized the throne from Henry, what did they feel Their mother, Jacquetta, was Henry s aunt by marriage, Lancastrian to the core, Queen Margaret her great friend, both French noblewomen and new,... 

I was out of practice, I realized. I bit my lip and ran the back of my fingernail along the line of his jaw. It was lean once again the stubble of a long day glittered in the firelight, and the muscles hardened as my touch made him smile. His chest and belly, too, were as taut as once they were. 

Cropper, M. Sparks among the stubble. London Longmans, Green, 1955. 226p. Includes Law... 

A field operator exposure study was designed to accommodate the chemical properties and the use pattern involved in the treatment of potato crops for protection against the Colorado potato beetle. Fifteen farmworkers experienced in the use of tractor-drawn sprayers for application of crop protection materials to crops were selected. All were adult males. To avoid production of a large quantity of treated potato crop prior to registration of the product for sale, the trials were performed on stubble fields after harvest of winter wheat crops in a potato-growing area of southern Ontario. This allowed the use of typical farm spray equipment and a typical duration of exposure for a complete shift of work. 

Saprophytic, dark pigmented fungi such as Alternaria spp. can infect a wide range of plant species, especially tissues that are exposed to other biotic or abiotic stressors and older and senescing plant tissues. Also, wet weather conditions favour attack by Alternaria spp. Inoculum of Alternaria and potentially production of altemariol is further enhanced when cereal straw and stubble is left on the soil surface and not sufficiently incorporated into the soil after harvest (direct seeding and minimum tillage systems). 

Inhibitive effects are especially influenced by amount of cover crop biomass and soil management. Weed dry matter was reduced when rye residues were greater than 3.7 Mg ha-1 (Crutchfield et al. 1985), and when wheat residues were greater than Mg ha-1 (De Almeida 1985). Fisk et al. (2001) reported that burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) and barrel medic (M. truncatula Gaertn.) reduced by 70% weed dry weights while weed density was not affected if were no-till seeded as winter-killed cover crops into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble. 

Tamak JC, Narwal SS, Singh L, Singh I (1994) Effect of aqueous extracts of rice stubbles and straw stubbles on the germination and seedling growth of wheat, oat, berseem, and lentil. Crop Res 8 180-186... 

Mittal S.K., Singh N., Agarwal R., Awasthi A. and Gupta P.K., Ambient air quality during wheat and rice crop stubble burning episodes in Patiala, Atmospheric Environment, 43(2), 238-244 (2009)... 

Table 3.12 Carbon balances for rice-rice and maize-rice cropping systems over five consecutive crops in 3 years at IRRI, Laguna, Philippines. Except for short stubble all straw was removed from the fields and no organic manures were applied. Values are t C...

Allelopathic problems have been especially troublesome with conservation tillage systems (6.7.9). An example is the reduced growth of winter wheat when it is direct-drilled into stubble (Figure 1). In the heavy residues (left), the plants grew poorly. 

We are going to return without mishap, along a fresh path, a good path, a path of good air in a path through the cornfield, in a path through the stubble, without complaint or any difficulty, we return without mishap. Already the cock has begun to crow. Rich cock that reminds us that we live in this life. 

There was higher infiltration and lower soil loss in the treatments with stubble retained. In the integrated treatment there was less infiltration and greater soil loss (after 4 years) due to lack of disturbance of surface crust and stock trampling. There was no difference between treatments in water-stable aggregation (Penfold etal. 1995). 

Pekrun, C. and Claupein, W. 2004. The effect of stubble tillage and primary tillage on population dynamics of Canada thistle Cirsium arvense ) in organic farming. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Speciallssue 19 483-490. 

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