Structural and Optical Characterization

The effect of SiN deposition conditions on the epitaxial structural quality was characterized first by the full width at half-maximum (FWFIM) values of X-ray diffraction (XRD) (0002) and (1012)rocking curves. 

GaN islands (seeds) formed at high pressure (200 or 300 Torr) typically have (llOl)facets (images obtained by SEM are not shown), and 

From the discussion above, we can conclude that further increases in the SiN deposition time will result in more effective dislocation reduction up to a point. Fiowever, much thicker GaN overlayers or modified growth conditions are needed for coalescence as the SiN deposition time is increased. When SiN was deposited more than 6.5 min, we could not get a coalesced surface even at 10 pm regrowth under the current growth conditions employed. The possible reasons might be the unoptimized lateral overgrowth rate when islands with (1101) prismatic planes were formed as well as the larger separation between nucleation sites. 

For further evaluation of the material quality, dovetailed with the effect of SiNx network on the point defect reduction, time-resolved 

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Ousi-Benomar, W. Xue, S. S. I. cssard, R. A. Singh, A. Wu, Z. L. Kuo, P. K. 1994. Structural and optical characterization of BaTi03 thin films prepared by metal-organic deposition from barium 2-ethylhexanoate and titanium dimethoxy dineodecanoate. J. Mat. Res. 9 970-979. 

Paraguay, F., Estrada, W., Acosta, D. R., Andrade, E. and Miki-Yoshida, M. (1999). Growth, structure and optical characterization of high quality ZnO thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis. Thin Solid Films 350(1-2), 192-202. 

Wang J, Ahl S, Li Q, Kreiter M, Neumann T, Burkert K, Knoll W, Jonas U (2008) Structural and optical characterization of 3D binary colloidal crystal and inverse opal films prepared by direct codeposition. J Mater Chem 18 981... 

Nishi, K., R. Mirin, D. Leonard, G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, P. M. Petroff, and A. C. Gossard. 1996. Structural and optical characterization of InAs/lnGaAs self-assembled quantum dots grown on (311)B GaAs. Journal of AppUed Hiysics 80(6) 3466-3470. 

In the present chapter, we report the synthesis of ZnS nanocrystals and ZnS/PVA nanocomposite films, their structural and optical characterization and photo- as well as electro-luminescence investigations. 

Rathore, K., Patidar, D., Janu, Y, Saxena, N. S., Sharma, K., and Sharma, T. P. (2008). Structural and optical characterization of chemical synthesized ZnS nanoparticles. Chelcogenides letter 5, 105. 

Since the seminal work of Dm et al. in 1993, a large number of publications have followed that deal with the structural and optical characterization of nanofibrils, but also address their performance in devices such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) [47, 48, 50-53]. In general, two common approaches for P3AT nanofibril production are described in the literature [52] (1) the whisker method and (2) the mixed solvent method. For both approaches, the growth of ID nanocrystals is driven by strong r- r-interactions and unfavorable interactions between the solvent and polymer backbone under limited solubility. 

A.S. Kuznetsov, Y-G. Lu, S. Turner, M. V. Shestakov, V. K. Tikhomirov, D. Kirilenko, J. Verbeeck, A. N. Baranov, V. V. Moshchalkov, Preparation, structural and optical characterization of nanocrystalline ZnO doped with luminescent Ag-nanoclusters, Optical Materials Express 2 (2012) 723-734. 

In this study, we report on the GaN nanorod growth by HOMVPE technique with or without using a new precursor, tris(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamato)gallium(III) (Ga(mDTC)3). The structural and optical properties of GaN nanorods were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). 

The systematic synthesis of non amphiphilic l.c.-side chain polymers and detailed physico-chemical investigations are discussed. The phase behavior and structure ofnematic, cholesteric and smectic polymers are described. Their optical properties and the state of order of cholesteric and nematic polymers are analysed in comparison to conventional low molar mass liquid crystals. The phase transition into the glassy state and optical characterization of the anisotropic glasses having liquid crystalline structures are examined. 

The fragments of macromolecules with ordered cholesterol group sequences, that are formed in bad solvents, may serve as nuclei of supermolecular order in films, obtained from these solvents. Structural and optical studies have shown that PChMA-11 films produced by solvent evaporation display different properties those obtained from chloroform and toluene solutions (small relaxation times, see Table 17) are optically isotropic, and those obtained from heptane solutions (large relaxation times, see Table 17) are optically anisotropic, what reflects the differences in conformational state of polymeric chains in these films. Contrary to the optically isotropic films, a high degree of side branch ordering characterizes optically anisotropic films, which is confirmed by X-ray studies. The observed difference of LC polymer structure in the bulk is thus the consequence of their different conformational state in solution this reveals some possibilities for the control of LC polymer structure at the initial steps of mesophase nucleation in solutions. 

Liao, H.B., Wen, W., Wong, G.K.L. Preparation and optical characterization of Au/SiO2 composite films with multilayer structure. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 4485-4488 (2003)... 

Couphng FFFF or Hquid chromatography as the separation technique, with structural characterization by LC/MS°, is a promising route to elucidating the behavior of DOM in marine systems. This approach may well allow the examination of the optical properties of CDOM on a molecmlar level by correlating the structural and optical features of sized fractions. 

Analysis methods, used for the investigation of modified surfaces and interfaces, are briefiy reviewed. Emphasis is on the combination of chemical, structural/ morphological, electronic, and optical characterization. Many techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), standard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using A1 or Mg K radiation, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and standard scanning probe microscopies (AEM in contact... 

Electrochemical-SPR measurements have been used to characterize structural and optical properties involving the analysis of biosensors. The simultaneous approach is logical since both methods are—from an instrumental point of view— highly complementary and have found widespread applications in different research domains, including studies of the electrochemical double layer, the investigation of the electrochemical doping process, as well as electrical field enhanced studies [5, 6]. 

Zhang and Mu [53] reported a new approach to fabricate the GdS thin films by annealing the Cd " "-dithiol multilayer films on both quartz and mica substrates and characterized the change of the composition, structure, and optical properties of the films before and after annealing. It opens up the possibility to fabricate the chalcogenide thin films by annealing the self-assembled multilayer films of metaUic ion and organic dithiol [53]. 

Cantin JL, Schoisswohl M, von Bardeleben H-J (1997) EPR characterization of porous silicon and silicon germanium Chapter 14. In Amato G, Delerue C, von Bardeleben H-J (eds) Structural and optical properties of porous silicon nanostructures. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam... 

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most versatile and powerful optical characterization techniques. It has applications which range from materials structural and chemical characterization [45] to medical diagnostics [46], to applications in the... 

Ozer N., Baretto T., Bu5mldimanli T., Lampert C.M. Characterization of sol-gel deposited niobium pentoxide films for electrochromic devices. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1995 36 433-413 Ozer N., Lampert C.M. Structural and optical properties of sol-gel deposited proton conducting Ta20s films. J. Sol-Gel Sd. TechnoL 1997 8 703-709 Ozer N., Lampert C.M. Electrochemical characterization of sol-gel deposited coatings. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1998 54 147-156... 

Sol-gel-derived films, especially transparent sol-gel films and planar waveguides, can be studied by means of various optical spectroscopy techniques in order to characterize their structure and optical properties. Common optical spectroscopy methods include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR, and fluorescence spectroscopies. These are well-known, powerful, nondestructive, and highly sensitive tools to investigate the structure and optical properties of the sol-gels. 

In this section we focus attention on the preparation of the various ester derivatives of HPC described in the literature, of the type CnCP, where n is the number of methylene units in the side-chain. An idealized chemical structure is represented in Scheme 14.3, where one can see four hydroxypropyl groups and three substituents aliphatoxy groups of the type -C(=0)(CH2)n-2-CH3. In Sect. 14.3 one can find the structural, thermal and optical characterization of these compounds showing the... 

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