Strongyloides stercoralis infection

Arakaki, T, Iwanaga, M., Kinjo, F., Saito, A., Asato, R., and Ikeshiro, T. (1990). Efficacy of agar-plate culture in detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J. Parasitol. 76, 425 28. 

Hayashi J, Kishihara Y, Yoshimura E, Furusyo N, Yamaji K, Kawakami Y, Murakami H, Kashiwagi S. Correlation between human T cell lymphotropic virus Type-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis infections and serum immunoglobulin E responses in residents of Okinawa, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997 56 71-75. 

Robinson RD, Lindo JF, Neva F. Interaction between HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis infection resulting in lowered IgE litres in Jamaica. West Indian Med J 1990 39 35-36. 

Urine specimens usually are examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haemotobium or the trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis, although occasionally the larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis may be found in patients with hyperinfection syndrome. Urine is the usual specimen for the diagnosis of Trichomonas infection in males. See below (Vaginal Material) for culture method. Urine is centrifuged, and the sediment is examined microscopically. 

Schad, GA. (1989) Morphology and life history of Strongyloides stercoralis. In Grove, D.I. (ed.) Strongyloidiasis a Major Roundworm Infection of Man. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 85-104. 

Wang CC, Nolan TJ, Schad GA, Abraham D Infection of mice with the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis suppresses pulmonary allergic responses to ovalbumin. Clin Exp Allergy 2001 31 495-503. 

Boken DJ, Leoni PA, Preheim LC. Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome with thiabendazole administered per rectnm. Clin Infect Dis 1993 16(l) 123-6. 

Strongyloides stercoralis May penetrate gut wall and invade tissues Infection through penetration of exposed skin by larvae Tiabendazole ... 

Marti, H., Haji, H. J., Savioli, L., Chwaya, H. M., Mgeni, A. E, Ameir, J. S., and Hatz, C. (1996). A comparative trial of a single-dose ivermectin versus three days of albendazole for treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis and other soil-transmitted helminth infections in children. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55,477—481. 

The medically important intestinal nematodes responsive to drug therapy include Enterobius vermic-ularis (pinworm), Trichuris trichiuria (whipworm), Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), ancy-clostoma and necator species (hookworms), and Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm). Over one billion persons worldwide are estimated to be infected by intestinal nematodes. Pinworm infections... 

Wheezing or urticaria during the early migratory phase of infections with Ascaris spp., hookworm spp., Strongyloides stercoralis, and Schistosoma spp. (14). 

Intestinal helminths have been used as the prototypical parasite infections to demonstrate the importance of IgE in mediating protection. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that passive transfer of IgE antibodies can mediate the rapid expulsion phenomenon in rats infected with T. spiralis (89) and that diminished levels of IgE are associated with dissemination of Strongyloides stercoralis (61,90) in the context of HTLV-I coinfection. With the elucidation of the cytokine control of the IgE response (e.g., IL-4 and IL-13), however, and the fact the these cytokine responses exist in the context of a broader (Th2 or Type 2) response, the IgE response itself may be merely an indicator of a more general response, whose many different components effect the protective response (reviewed in Refs. 91-94). 

Robinson RD, Lindo JE, Neva EA, Gam AA, Vogel P, Terry SI, Cooper ES. Immii-noepidemiologic studies of Strongyloides stercoralis and human T lymphotropic virus type I infections in Jamaica. J Infect Dis 1994 169 692-696. 

Neva FA, Filho JO, Gam AA, Thompson R, Freitas V, Melo A, Carvalho EM. Inter-feron-y and interleukin-4 responses in relation to serum IgE levels in persons infected with human T lymphotropic virus Type I and Strongyloides stercoralis. J Infect Dis 1998 178 1856-1859. 

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