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Streptomycine - Streptomycin

Streptomycin Streptomycin, fran5-2,4-diguanidino-3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl-5-deoxy-2-0-(2-deoxy-2-methylamino-a-L-glucopyranosyl)-3-C-hydroxymethyl- 8-L-lyxo-pentofura-noside (32.4.1), is isolated from a culture liquid of the vital activity of the actinomycete S. griseus [238-247]. [Pg.477]

Resistance to streptomycin. Streptomycin [209] is produced by Strep-tomyces griseus. It is a tri-acidic base consisting of three components streptidine, streptose and N-methylglucosamine (Figure 7. II). The compound has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including Ps. aeruginosa (Table 7.13). [Pg.376]

Streptomycin. Streptomycin inhibits initiation by binding to three proteins and probably the 16S rRNA of the 308 ribosomal subunit of bacteria. Abnormal initiation complexes, known as streptomycin monosomes, accumulate. Streptomycin can also cause misreading of mRNA, resulting in premature termination of translation or in the incorporation of incorrect amino acids into polypeptide chains that already have been initiated. The use of this antibiotic is limited because it causes ototoxicity that can result in loss of hearing. [Pg.271]

Streptomycin Streptomycin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis, plague, and tularemia. Because of the risk of ototoxicity, streptomycin should not be used when other drugs will serve. [Pg.396]

One of the important discoveries in carbohydrate chemistry was the isolation (in 1944) of the carbohydrate antibiotic called streptomycin. Streptomycin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis. Its structure is made up of the following three subunits ... [Pg.1018]

Streptomycin B (mannosidostreptomycin) has a mannose molecule attached to the methylglucosamine group, and is the first antibacterial product made, but is enzymatically converted to streptomycin later in the fermentation. [Pg.373]

Dihydrostreptomycin, in which the CHO group in the middle ring is replaced by CH2OH, is made by the catalytic reduction of streptomycin, and has similar antibacterial properties. [Pg.373]

Antibiotics. Solvent extraction is an important step in the recovery of many antibiotics (qv) such as penicillin [1406-05-9] streptomycin [57-92-17, novobiocin [303-81-1J, bacitracin [1405-87-4] erythromycin, and the cephalosporins. A good example is in the manufacture of penicillin (242) by a batchwise fermentation. Amyl acetate [628-63-7] or -butyl acetate [123-86-4] is used as the extraction solvent for the filtered fermentation broth. The penicillin is first extracted into the solvent from the broth at pH 2.0 to 2.5 and the extract treated with a buffet solution (pH 6) to obtain a penicillin-rich solution. Then the pH is again lowered and the penicillin is re-extracted into the solvent to yield a pure concentrated solution. Because penicillin degrades rapidly at low pH, it is necessary to perform the initial extraction as rapidly as possible for this reason centrifugal extractors are generally used. [Pg.79]

Antibiotics. The genes involved in the synthesis of a variety of antibiotics have been isolated (34,35). These include antibiotics such as erythromycin, streptomycin, and also peptide antibiotics such as gramicidin and tyrocidin. Characterization of these gene products facUitates the design of novel antibiotics. In addition, overexpression of some of these gene products is also expected to improve the yield of the antibiotic (34,35). [Pg.249]

Antibiotics approved for use as growth enhancers in Hvestock and poultry include bacitracins, bambermycins, Hncomycin [154-21 -2] penicillin [69-53 ] streptomycin [57-92-1], tetracycHnes, tiamulin [55297-95-5] tylosin [1401-69-0] and virginiamycin [11006-76-1] (61). [Pg.410]

Pharmaceutical. Ion-exchange resins are useful in both the production of pharmaceuticals (qv) and the oral adrninistration of medicine (32). Antibiotics (qv), such as streptomycin [57-92-17, neomycin [1404-04-2] (33), and cephalosporin C [61-24-5] (34), which are produced by fermentation, are recovered, concentrated, and purified by adsorption on ion-exchange resins, or polymeric adsorbents. Impurities are removed from other types of pharmaceutical products in a similar manner. Resins serve as catalysts in the manufacture of intermediate chemicals. [Pg.387]

In 1939 the isolation of a mixture of microbial products named tyrotbricin from a soil bacillus was described. Further investigation showed this material to be a mixture of gramicidin and tyrocidine. In rapid succession the isolation of actinomycin (1940), streptothricin (1942), streptomycin (1943), and neomycin (1949), produced by Streptomjces were reported and in 1942 the word antibiotic was introduced. Chloramphenicol, the first of the so-called broad spectmm antibiotics having a wide range of antimicrobial activity, was discovered in 1947. Aureomycin, the first member of the commercially important tetracycline antibiotics, was discovered in 1948. [Pg.473]

Among the older aminoglycoside derivatives, kanamycin A and sisomicin were, at one time, a significant part of medical practice, but have now been largely replaced by the compounds Hsted in Table 1. Streptomycin is stiH used in a few restricted situations. [Pg.480]

R = R = H) are intermediate, and gentamicin and tobramycin are most susceptible (66). Resistance to streptomycin is widespread, and its use is currently confined primarily to infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Yersiniapestis and Francisella tularensis. [Pg.481]

Before the discovery of streptomycin, pyrazinamide (126) was one of the front runners in the treatment of tuberculosis. A broad spectrum of biological activity has been associated with pyrazine derivatives, ranging from the herbicidal activity of (127) to antibiotic activity... [Pg.194]

Antibiotics such as penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and antifungals ... [Pg.78]

Substitution of an amino group into the molecule affords an iigent with antibacterial activity. Although seldom used alone, l, ira- aminosalicylic acid (PAS, 7) has been employed as an adjunct Id streptomycin and isoniazid in treatment of tuberculosis. [Pg.109]

Control of tuberculosis, long one of the scourges of mankind, began with the introduction of effective antibacterial agents. Thus, this disease was treated initially with some small measure of success with various sulfa drugs the advent of the antibiotic, streptomycin, provided a major advance in antitubercular therapy, as did the subsequent discovery of isoniazid and its analogs. [Pg.222]

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate may be prepared from streptomycin sulfate by catalytic hydrogenation (Merck, Pfizer, Cyanamid), electrolytic reduction (Schenley, Olin Mathieson), or by sodium boro hydride reduction (Bristol), or by isolation from a fermentation process (Takeda). [Pg.492]

Calf kidneys, dog kidneys and rhesus monkey kidneys were treated with trypsin to give suspensions of cells. The suspensions were centrifuged and the packed cells diluted with 400 volumes (calf cells) or 200 volumes (dog cells and rhesus monkey cells) of a growth medium consisting of 5% horse serum and 0.5% lactalbumen hydrolysate in Earle s saline, with 100 units/ml each of penicillin and streptomycin. These media were used separately to produce Semliki Forest/calf interferon, Semliki Forest/dog interferon and Semliki Forest/rhesus monkey interferon. The cell-containing growth medium was dispensed into 500 ml medical flat bottles (70 ml in each). The cultures were incubated at 36°C. Confluent sheets of cells (monolayers) were formed in 5 to 6 days. The growth medium was then removed and the monolayers were washed with isotonic phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.5. [Pg.823]

The alcohol-ether solution is washed with 100 cc of water and the brown aqueous layer is drawn off and added to the first aqueous layer. The aqueous solution is neutralized to pH 6 to 7 with dilute sodium hydroxide and any precipitate that forms is filtered off and discarded. A faintly colored aqueous solution containing streptomycin is thus obtained. [Pg.1393]

Streptomycesgriseus No. 3570 Ca ndicldin Streptomyces griseus Streptomycin Streptomyces halstedii Carbomycin... [Pg.1608]


See other pages where Streptomycine - Streptomycin is mentioned: [Pg.1744]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.395]    [Pg.2028]    [Pg.48]    [Pg.159]    [Pg.1744]    [Pg.1744]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.373]    [Pg.716]    [Pg.936]    [Pg.936]    [Pg.936]    [Pg.936]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.473]    [Pg.481]    [Pg.472]    [Pg.403]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.846]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.492]    [Pg.1391]    [Pg.1391]    [Pg.1392]    [Pg.1392]    [Pg.1607]    [Pg.1684]    [Pg.1689]    [Pg.1698]    [Pg.1698]   


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