Antibiotic synthesis

The complexity of the biochemical pathways, certainly for antibiotic synthesis, means that the careful and rigorous selection of the microorganism is the key to obtaining higher titers. However, most microorganisms only show thek tme potential when cultured under optimal fermentation conditions. Of... 

The P-lactam antibiotics ate produced by secondary metaboHc reactions that differ from those responsible for the growth and reproduction of the microorganism. In order to enhance antibiotic synthesis, nutrients must be diverted from the primary pathways to the antibiotic biosynthetic sequences. Although most media for the production of penicillins and cephalosporins are similar, they ate individually designed for the specific requkements of the high yielding strains and the fermentation equipment used. 

Amino acids, sulphoxide, radiolysis of 909 a-Amino acids, reactions of 776, 777 a-Aminosulphones, synthesis of 176 Aminosulphonyl radicals 1093 Aminosulphoxides rearrangement of 740 synthesis of 336 Andersen synthesis 60 / -Anilinosulphoxides, synthesis of 334, 335 Anion radicals 1048-1050 ESR spectra of 1050-1054 formation of during electrolysis 963 during radiolysis 892-897, 899, 903 Annulation 778, 781, 801, 802 Antibiotics, synthesis of 310 Arenesulphenamides 740 Arenesulphenates 623 reactions of 282 rearrangement of 719 Arenesulphinates 824, 959 chiral 618... 

Keywords Pamamycins Macrodiolides Antibiotics Synthesis Hydroxy acids... 

Manefield M, Welch M, Givskov M, Salmond GPC, Kjelleberg S (2001) Halogenated Furanones from the Red Alga, Delisea pulchra, Inhibit Carbapenem Antibiotic Synthesis and Exoenzyme Virulence Factor Production in the Phytopathogen Erivinia carotovora. FEMS Microbiol Lett 205 131... 

Cooper RDG, Snyder NJ, Zweifel MJ et al (1996) Reductive alkylation of glycopeptide antibiotics synthesis and antibacterial activity. J Antibiot 49 575-581... 

L Tang, Y-X Zhang, CR Hutchinson. Amino acid catabolism and antibiotic synthesis valine is a source of precursors for macrolide biosynthesis in Streptomyces ambo-faciens and Streptomyces fradiae. J Bacteriol 176 6107-6119, 1994. 

The same effect of bacterial contaminations was observed with an electronic nose equipped with CP sensors in an antibiotic fermentation with Micro-monospora carbonacea [34]. Infections of E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria can be discriminated in the plot. The same culture also exhibited characteristic response patterns at the different fermentation stages over a nine-day period. The character of the trajectory in the PCA mirrored the growth phase, the antibiotic synthesis phase as well as the declination phase. The starting point of the trajectory almost coincided with the end point. 

I. V. Sotnikova, G. N. Telesnina, I. N. Krakhmaleva, J. O. Sazykin and S. M. Navashin (1990). High-molecular polyphosphate and pyrophosphate in cyclosporin-producing Tolypocladium sp. and their role in the process of growth and antibiotic synthesis (in Russian). Antibiot. Khimioter., 35, 9-11. 

Our second example is from the chemistry of microorganisms. The antibiotic streptomycin is produced rather erratically by the microorganism Streptomyces griseus. It has now been discovered that another compound, called A-factor stimulates the microorganism into streptomycin production. Synthetic A-factor can be used to switch on antibiotic synthesis in the microorganism,... 

Deacetoxycephalosporin-C synthetase (fijngal) mononuclear iron antibiotic synthesis Substrate carbanion and iron bound hydroxyl 3.2.2. 

There is much interest in anthrapyran antibiotics. Synthesis of S-indomycinone indicates that a revision is required <07CEJ9939>. A total synthesis of racemic y-indomycinone 49 based on a Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the anthraquinone ester 47 and cyclisation of the resulting diketone to the chromone 48 has been reported <07EJ01905>. A total synthesis of the structurally simpler topopyrone C involves similar methodology <07TL1049>. In an alternative approach which is readily adaptable to the synthesis of other anthrapyrans, the... 

During the Second World War, Walsh became involved in antibiotic synthesis, and she was the first chemist to synthesise a penicillin analogue with antibiotic character. Unfortunately, little was published on her research in this field.51(b)... 

---