Streptomyces sioyaensis

Among the alkaloids, the most unusual example is an acaricidal (lethal to arachnids) monot-erpene derivative, altemicidin (Structure 18.3). This novel alkaloid was purified from amarine strain of Streptomyces sioyaensis SA-1758 isolated from marine sediments collected from the northern part of Japan. It yielded potent antitumor activity in vitro against L1210 murine leukemia and IMC carcinoma cell lines, but was toxic in vivo in mice. Altemicidin is a novel sulfur- and nitrogen-containing microbial metabolite with a monoterpene carbon skeleton.12... 

Extracts of a strain of Streptomyces sioyaensis SA-1758 isolated from sea mud collected in Gamo, Japan were found to possess strong acaricidal and antitumor activity, which was traced to a novel isolate, altemicidin (78). 

An almost identical lipid in which ornithine is completely replaced by lysine has been isolated from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Here again the a-amino group of lysine was linked by an amide bond to the usual 3-acyloxyhexadecanoic acid (52). In siolipin, an ornithine-containing lipid produced by Streptomyces sioyaensis and S. toyocaensis (Table 3), lysine was found together with ornithine in the ratio 9 91 (55). 

Siolipin, the hydroxylated ornithine-containing lipid of Streptomyces sioyaensis, was found to specifically inhibit the growth of a strain of Bacillus subtilis when a synthetic culture medium was used. No inhibition was observed when the bacteria were grown on complex medium, as l-histidine and to a lesser degree L-cysteine were able to antagonize the effect of siolipin (55). 

Kimura, a., and H. Otsuka The Changes of Lysine- and Ornithine-Lipids in Streptomyces sioyaensis. Agr. Biol. Chem. 33, 781 (1969). 

Kawanami, j., a. Kimura, and H. Otsuka Siolipin, a New Lipoamino Acid Ester Isolated from Streptomyces sioyaensis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 152, 808 (1968). 

Kawanami, J., and H. Otsuka Lipids of Streptomyces sioyaensis. VI. On the p-Hydroxy Acids in Siolipin. Chem. Phys. Lipids 3, 135 (1969). 

Nocardia lurida Micromonospora sagamiensis Streptomyces albus Helminthosporium siccans Streptomyces sioyaensis Micromonospora inyoensis Streptomyces spectrabilis Streptomyces ambofaciens Streptomyces griseus... 

Lysin-lipid Agrobacterium tunufaciens Streptomyces sioyaensis... 

A group of antibiotics from Streptomyces hygrosco-picus, S. sioyaensis, and S. platensis with biological activities against fungi and certain tumors T. A also has immunosuppressive activity. T. A is being tested against liver fibrosis. 

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