Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide

Pneumococcal vaccine, polyvalent [FDA former] Streptococcus pneumonia capsular polysaccharide vaccine [SY]... 

A series of aldoses has been reductively aminated (NaBH3CN) with octadecylamine to give hydrophobic conjugates as model compounds in the g.c.-m.s. analysis (as the N-acetylated O-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives) of reductivety aminated oligosaccharides from the Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide. Isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites have been assayed in plasma by g.c. with electron-capture detection. ... 

Many polysaccharides contain branched structures and are chemically modified by the addition of other molecules. Their monomeric or repeat units are often made up of more than one sugar molecule and, consequently, can be quite complex. They form protective capsules of some of the most virulent microorganisms, capsules that, nevertheless, carry information that activate mammalian defenses the immune, interferon, and properdin systems [9, 136]. They are found as key portions of the exoskeletons of insects and arthropods and cell walls of plants and microbes and perform as reserve foodstuffs and important components of intercellular, mucous secretions, synovial and ocular fluids, and blood serum in many organisms. Food Applications compiles recent data on the food applications of marine polysaccharides from such various sources as fishery products, microorganisms, seaweeds, microalgae, and corals [137, 138]. One of the applications of this biopolymer relates to a method for protecting against diseases induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, which comprises mucosal administration of a S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide to a patient in need. 

Vaccines can be roughly categorized into killed vaccines and Hve vaccines. A killed vaccine can be (/) an inactivated, whole microorganism such as pertussis, (2) an inactivated toxin, called toxoid, such as diphtheria toxoid, or (J) one or more components of the microorganism commonly referred to as subunit vaccines. The examples are capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the surface antigen protein for Hepatitis B vims vaccine. 

The type-specific capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 5 contains 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy- -D-x>>/o-hexopyranosyl-4-ulose residues (17). Sugar nucleotides of hexos-4-uloses are important intermediates in the transformation of sugars during the biosynthesis, but this is the only known example of such a sugar as a polysaccharide component. 

The pyruvic acid may also be linked to vicinal positions. When linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of a D-galactopyranosyl residue (40), the dioxolane ring becomes cw-fused. In the limited number of known examples, the absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S), as in 40. There are some examples of tra -fused dioxolane rings, and these are more sensitive to hydrolysis with acid than the others. Thus, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of an a-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue in the Klebsiella type 72 capsular polysaccharide, to 0-2 and 0-3 of an a-D-galactopyranosyl residue in the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 capsular polysaccharide, and to 0-2 and 0-3 of a S-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue in the Klebsiella K1 capsular polysaccharide. " In the extracellular polysaccharide from... 

There are solitary examples of other alditol phosphates as components of this class of polymers. Arabinitol 1-phosphate is part of the S. pneumoniae type 17F capsular polysaccharide. o-Glucitol 6-phosphate is a component of the group-specific polysaccharide from group B Streptococcus, which has a most unusual, ramified structure. In a polysaccharide from Nocardia... 

The pneumococci all belong to different types of the same species, namely, Streptococcus pneumoniae. This was earlier called Diplococcus pneumoniae, but has been renamed.5 6 7 There are some 80 different types of pneumococcus, and two systems of nomenclature, the Danish, used in Europe, and Eddy s, used in the United States.8 Tables correlating the Danish and American designations have been published.8 The Danish system, with Arabic numerals and common abbreviations, such as Phi for Type 1 and SI for its type-specific, capsular polysaccharide, will be used in this article. 

Pneumococcal vaccine is a mixture of capsular polysaccharides from 23 of the 83 most prevalent types of Streptococcus pneumoniae seen in the United States. 

SGQARVLYSEFINAL mAb4 Streptococcus pneumoniae 4 capsular polysaccharide [62]... 

Apart from L-fucose, 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-D-galactose169 and the D (Ref. 170) and L (Ref. 171) enantiomers of 2-amino-2,6-dideoxygalac-tose (fucosamine) have been identified in bacterial LPS. 2-Acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactopyranose has been isolated1710 from the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

T. Sugawara and K. Igarashi, Synthesis of a trisaccharide component of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 19F, Carbohydr. Res. 772 195 (1988). 

K. Leontein, B. Lindberg, J. Lonngren, and D. J. Carlo, Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 12 A, Carbohydr. Res., 114 (1983) 257-266. 

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