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Stratus Intelect Baxter Diagnostics 45-72 radial fluor ... 

Galloway, J.N. Likens, G.E. Hawley, M.E. Science, 1984,226, pp 829-831. Castillo, R. An Investigation of the Acidity of Stratus Cloud Water and Its Relationship to Droplet Distribution, pH of Rain and Weather Parameters, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. Atmos. Sci., State University of New York, Albaity, NY, 1979. 

We see from this diagram that partial pressures of H2O at ordinary conditions range from very small values to perhaps 30 or 40 mbar. This corresponds to a mass concentration range up to about 25 g H20/m. In typical clouds, relatively little of this is in the condensed phase. Liquid water contents in the wettest of cumulus clouds are around a few grams per cubic meter ordinary mid-latitude stratus clouds have 0.3-1 g/m. ... 

Other potential monitors of historical trace elements are core samples of ice, peat, and lacustrine deposits. Each individual stratus reflects the environment in which it formed. Analyses of these core samples could reconstruct the past local and regional environmental history. 

A number of automated systems, e.g. Stratus CS (Dade Behring), IMx (Abbott Laboratories) and COBAS core II (Roche Diagnostics) are now commercially available for quantitation of a large variety of analytes of clinical significance. An... 

In order to develop a process that is more robust and free from some of the limitations of the double-antibody concept, various methods have been explored to immobilize the primary antibody onto the solid phase. Covalent immobilization of the immunoreactive species directly on a solid support would have the distinct advantage of overcoming the capacity limitations and the possible molecular changes that can take place before or after immobilization. However, this mode has not been widely utilized due to lack of successful and reproducible methods of covalent attachment. A further complication is the uncontrollable heterogeneity of the solid supports used currently for immobilization. Realizing these limitations, the approach used for Stratus has been to choose a design... 

Commercial application of the dendrimer-based reagent technology has been demonstrated by the successful development of The Stratus CS STAT fluorometric analyzer [5] marketed by Dade Behring Inc. This rapid automated point of care immunoassay system provides quantitative analysis of whole blood or preprocessed plasma samples via unit use assay test packs. Up to four test packs can be introduced for each sample. All reagents [5-9] required for specimen analyses are contained within the test packs. 

The RPIA technology has been enhanced in the Stratus CS system by utilization of a dendrimer-antibody complex in which the analyte-specific capture antibody is covalenty coupled onto a dendrimer. The test packs in the Stratus CS system include dendrimer-capture antibody complex reagent, the alkaline phosphatase labeled antibody conjugate reagent, the substrate-wash reagent and a piece of glass fiber filter paper as the solid phase. Preparation and unique properties associated with these dendrimer-coupled antibody complexes are described below. 

PERFORMANCE AS A REAGENT ON STRATUS SYSTEMS 4.2.1 Heterogeneous Assay Format... 

Figure 19.1 Dose-dependent response curve for thyroxine (T4) assay using E5-Ab and double-antibody immune complex. Solutions (20 juL) of the reference samples containing 0.0 to 25.0 /ig/dL T4 were mixed with 180 fiL of the releasing solution. Fractions (132 juL) of this mixture were combined with 38 //Lof an E5-Ab solution. After standard incubation, 76 A. of this mixture was spotted on a blank Stratus tab. Incubation times and reagent volumes used for the rest of the reagents, such as the conjugate and the substrate wash, were identical to those defined for an existing T4 assay on Stratus ...

Figure 19.2 Kinetics of reaction of E5-Ab complex in a CKMB assay. A 132 fiL solution of CKMB containing 128 ng/mL of the analyte was mixed with 38 jiL of the E5-Ab complex containing various known concentrations of the antibody. After incubation for a fixed period of time the mixture was spotted on a Stratus tab. Prior to addition of the substrate wash, a 60s incubation was carried out on the solid phase with the Ab-ALP conjugate containing 360 ng/mL of the protein.

As described above, the dendrimer-coupled antibody conjugates show uniquely enhanced properties compared to the classical double antibody systems. Important characteristics such as complete solubility in aqueous buffers, flexibility in immunoassay format, ability to improve assay sensitivity, consistent, reproducible manufacturing and favorable stability has driven the utilization of these dendrimer-based reagents in Stratus CS, the latest member of the Stratus family of immunochemistry analyzers. In this new analyzer system, the primary... 

In the new Stratus CS system results are available in less than 15 min after sample draw and the system has the capability to analyze four samples in less than 30 min. Ease of use, analytical sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility makes this system suitable for use in chest pain centers, emergency departments, critical care units, observation wards and clinical laboratories. 

DENDRIMER-ENZYME-ANTIBODYCONJUGATES 5.2.1 Preparation and Performance as a Reagent on Stratus ... 

Figure 19.5 Dose-dependent response curve of dendrimer-based Chlamydia assay. Samples containing Oto 100 mol of the target RNA were amplified by 3SR technology followed by detection on Stratus (see text for details)...

The general method utilized to prepare E5-Ab solutions obviates the need for stocking large numbers of reagents which would be necessary if different activation methods were used for each antibody. A number of specific antibodies immobilized by this process have shown response similar to that of the same antibodies when adsorbed as immune complexes in the Stratus system. In addition, the dendrimer-coupled antibodies have shown dramatic improvements in sensitivity, flexibility and precision for the enzyme immunoassay system. Feasibility demonstration of an assay for DNA probes is a prelude to what can possibly be achieved with these dendrimer-based reagents. 

Cronin, P., Evers, T., Mozza, J., Bauer, R., Hickey, G. and Kamm, C. A flexible system for the quantitative analysis of cardiac markers with minimized total turnaround time the Stratus CS Analyzer , Clin. Chem., 44, 542 (Abstract) (1998). 

Stengelin, M., Hudson, K., Bedzyk, W. D., Singh, P., Desai, V., LeBlanc, M., Berg, M., Murray, V. and Bauer, R. Development and performance of a high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein assay for the Stratus CS STAT fluorometric analyzer , Clin. Chem., 46, 26 (Abstract) (2000). 

Rimonanbant increased rate of smoking cessation in the STRATUS-US trial. 

AntheneUi RM, Despres IP (2004) Effects of Rimonabant in the reduction of major cardiovascular risk factors. Results from the STRATUS-US trial (smoking cessation in smokers motivated to quit), American College of Cardiology 53rd Annual Scientific Session, New Orleans, LA Arroyo M, Markou A, Robbins TW, Everitt B1 (1999) Acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of intravenous cocaine self-administration under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in rats effects of conditioned cues and continuous acces to cocaine. Psychopharmacology 140 331-344... 

Cleland JG, Ghosh 1, Freemantle N, Kaye GC, Nasir M, Clark AL, Coletta AP (2004) CUnical trials update and cumulative meta-analyses from the American College of Cardiology WATCH, SCD-HeFT, DINAMIT, CASINO, INSPIRE, STRATUS-US, RIO-Lipids and cardiac resynchronisation therapy in heart failure, Eur 1 Heart Fail 6 501-508 Cohen LM, CoUins FL, Britt DM (1997) The effect of chewing gum on tobacco withdrawal. Addict Behav 22 769-773... 

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