Storage of substances

The HSE has issued a number of guidance notes on the storage of specific substances such as chlorine, LPG, highly flammable liquid etc. Further guidance can be obtained from the distributive trade association or from the supplier of the substance who will offer practical advice on standards of storage of his products. Some suppliers provide a Duty of Care Service by visiting sites to assess the bulk storage conditions of the materials they supply. 

An overriding principle in the storage of chemicals is that they should not be adversely affected by other adjacent substances or operations. An HSE Guidance Note gives suitable information on this topic. The COMAH Regulations also require consideration to be given to the quantities of hazardous materials that are stored at chemical sites located near to a COMAH site because of the possible domino effect of an incident at one company affecting adjacent companies. 

A common problem met in factories using chemicals is where to store flammable solvents, or substances that could give off a hazardous vapour 

External storage of chemicals and hazardous substances require particular facilities which, for bulk tanks, drums and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), include  

By ensuring that all drums and IBCs are stored in a bimded area, the risk of ground or surface water pollution is reduced. Such a facility also ensures that flammable substances are contained, reducing the risk of the spread of fire should a leak occur. 

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In terms of test substances, reagents, and samples, the QAU would want to look in the notebooks or logbooks to see if these substances are properly identified. It would also want to look at the container labels for proper identification (identity, concentration, composition, storage requirements, and expiration date). It would want to take note of expiration dates to see if all test substances and reagents are current. It would look for proper storage of substances, chain-of-custody documentation (date, quantity, distributor, receiver, etc.), and sample labels to see if they are adequate to avoid mixups. 

Galeazza MT, Garry MG, Yost HJ, Strait KA, Hargreaves KM, Seybold VS (1995) Plasticity in the synthesis and storage of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in primary afferent neurons during peripheral inflammation. Neuroscience 66 443-458... 

In the assessment of placental toxicology of any foreign chemical substances, there are two major areas of concern what the placenta does to xenobiotics and what xenobiotics do to the placenta (Myllynen et ai, 2005). In the former area the major topics of concern are the entry and possible storage of substances in placental cells and through the placenta, aided perhaps by various transporters and efflux pumps the distribution and binding of compounds in placental cells and biotransformafion of substances by intracellular enzymes. Metabolic activation and production of reactive intermediates by placental enzymes link these areas with toxicodynamics of placental toxicants. In the latter area, effects of compounds on placental blood flow and vasculature and the presence of membrane and intracellular receptors, enzymes, and other potential targets for foreign substances are important areas of inquiry for placental toxicity. 

If the adhering impurities are substances constituting a hazard to water (oils, emulsions), then requirements on the storage of substances constituting a hazard to water must be eomplied with. 

In a number of cases in the chemical industry the choice has to be made between the availability of a large storage of substances and the reduction of stored substances concurrent with the continuous production of them on site. In the first case,... 

HSW also requires the employer to make arrangements for the safe use, handling and storage of substances and equipment. The detailed requirements in respect of certain substances are contained in regulations such as HFL and COSHH. Safe storage of substances relates not only to the physical arrangements such as racking etc., but also to possible chemical reactions between adjacently stored substances. A number of serious warehouse fires reinforce this requirement. 

There is a possibility that PET bottles are used for storage of substances which can cause danger to human health. Analysis was conducted, using health-endangering substances, to evaluate the effect of PET surfaces exposure. The migration and leaching of these substances were examined. It was formd that, even... 

We conclude this section by noting an extreme case of chain transfer, a reaction which produces radicals of such low reactivity that polymerization is effectively suppressed. Reagents that accomplish this are added to commercial monomers to prevent their premature polymerization during storage. These substances are called either retarders or inhibitors, depending on the degree of protection they afford. Such chemicals must be removed from monomers prior to use, and failure to achieve complete purification can considerably affect the polymerization reaction. 

Photochromic Organic Dyes. Intensive investigations into this category of substances have led to numerous patent appHcations. Copper—phthalocyanine pigments, organic dyes based on cyanine (Ricoh, Pioneer), naphthochinone (Nippon Denki), and ben2othiopyrane (Sony) (123) have been described. They did not lead, however, to any commercial use. Surveys on the possibiUties of optical data storage with photochromic dyes can be found (124,125). 

Present-day nomenclature is partly the result of the conflict and interplay of two functions the need to communicate in speech and on the printed page on the one hand, and the need for archival storage of information and its efficient, reliable retrieval. The former function came first, and laid the basis for the nomenclature most commonly used even today, and gave birth to a wealth of trivial names (i.e. names that give little or no information on structure). These were often coined on the basis of the origin of the substance, as in the case of collidine, obtained from distillation of bones in glue factories, or were derived from a special characteristic, as in the case of skatole, which has a fecal odor. Such names are short and generally euphonious, but they must be memorized they cannot be deduced from the structure. 

All protective clothing should be maintained in a sound condition, cleaned/washed/replaced regularly as appropriate, and be stored apart from everyday clothing. With toxic chemicals a double locker system is advisable. With highly toxic substances, e.g. lead compounds or asbestos-based substances, separate storage of personal clotliing and protective clotliing is specifically requhed. 

Emergency anangements and untoward incidents. Storage of dangerous substances. 

HSG 71 Chemical warehousing - storage of packaged dangerous substances... 

This section focuses on industrial accidents tliat are not plant related and revievs ing accidents tliat occur during tlie transport and storage of hazardous substances. Frequently, such accidents result in fires, explosions, and toxic releases. This topic will be discussed in tlie next cliapter. 

Standard curves in spectrophotometry, 674 Standard deviation I 34 Standard potentials 62, 63, 66 Standard series method 652, 654 Standard solutions 107, 257, 259 for pH, 569, 831 prepn. of, 107, 260, 285, 802 storage of, 108 Standard substances for acidimetry and alkalimetry ... 

For the storage of a substance dissolved in a volatile solvent, the solution must be placed directly in the flask, not within a vial. During the evacuation, gently sway the flask and adjust the evacuation speed to avoid sample loss due to a sudden boiling of the solution. Replace the inside space of the flask completely with the solvent vapor (typically methanol) by boiling the sample solution for a period of 1-2 minutes before closing the stopcock. In using this method, however,... 

For storage of a very small amount of highly oxygen-sensitive substance, it is recommended that an empty tube (D) is continuously evacuated at 100-120°C for several hours before use, to remove the oxygen adsorbed in the glass. 

This applies to storage of dangerous substances and/or preparations at any place, installation, premises, building or area of land, isolated or within an establishment, being a site used for the purpose of storage, except where that storage is associated with an installation covered by Annex I and where the substances in question appear in Annex III (see Table 1.3). 

Substances may be heated to their flash points by other substances with lower flash points burning in close proximity. Storage of flammable chemicals, therefore, needs careful consideration. 

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