Storage experiments

The quantitative results are compiled in Table 2.6. For peak identification see Fig. 2.3. Storage experiments proved that the carotenoid composition of products did not change markedly in one year, the brownish colouration may be due to the oxidation of flavonoid compounds [27],... 

When experience or shelf-storage experiments indicate that a preservative is required in a pharmaceutical preparation, its selection is based on many cross considerations including some of the following ... 

The NOx storage experiments were performed for temperatures ranging from 150°C to 500°C and space velocities from 30,000 to 90,000 h-1. Prior to the measurements, the catalyst was fully regenerated at 400°C by rich gas mixture with the composition corresponding to an air/fuel ratio of 12.8 for 60s. For constant lean inlet gas composition, temperature and space velocity, isothermal NOx adsorption as well as NO/N02 transformation were measured to evaluate the NOx storage dynamics and the storage capacity OF q and (T)) of the catalyst, cf. Fig. 24. 

Figure 5. Effect of 30 C storage experiments on the YIT aging behavior of the orange oil 2/monodistilled water interface at 50 C , orange oil 2/monodistilled water interface stored at 30 C for 47 hrs. before temperature was raised to 50°C O, orange oil 2/monodistilled water interface stored at 30°C for 47 hrs. Orange oil 2 then transferred to fresh water and temperature raises to 50 C.

Gas storage in depleted oil and gas fields is the most world-wide used method and often the cheapest one. Most of these are depleted gas reservoirs, although a few depleted oil reservoirs are also operated for the purpose. The first gas storage experiment (injection) was made in a gas field in Welland County, Ontario (Canada) in 1915. The first gas storage facility in a depleted reservoir was built in 1916. 

Flavour and off-flavour compounds of black and white pepper (P. nigrum L.) were evaluated by Jagella and Grosch (1999a,b). Enantioselective analysis of optically active monoterpenes indicated ( )-linalool, (+)-a-phellandrene, (-)-limonene, myrcene, (-)-a-pinene, 3-methylbutanal and meth-ylpropanal as the most potent odorants of black pepper. Additionally, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2,3-diethyl-5-meth-ylpyrazine were detected as important odorants of the black pepper sample from Malaysia, which had a mouldy, musty off-flavour. Omission tests indicated a-and (3-pinene, myrcene, a-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, methylpropanal, 2- and 3-methylbutanal, butyric acid and 3-meth-ylbutyric acid as key odorants. A storage experiment revealed that for ground black pepper, losses of a-pinene, limonene and 3-methylbutanal were mainly responsible for deficits in the pepper-like, citrus-like, terpene-like and malty notes after 30 days at room temperature. The musty/mouldy off-flavour of a sample of black pepper was caused by a mixture consisting of 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine (2.9pg/kg) and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (0.2 (xg/kg). 

Simulated storage experiments showed (Figure 2) that radiolysis would be inadequate for valence adjustment of Pu(IIl) to Pu(lV) within the available time frame. It was also necessary to assure that plutonium sulfates would not precipitate during storage. The solubility of plutonium vs. nitric acid concentration at various concentrations of sulfate is shown in Figure 3. Because the plutonium concentration in canyon tanks is kept at <6 g Pu/L, nitric acid concentrations as high as 6M can be tolerated as the sulfate ion concentration is diluted to <0.4M. while diluting the Pu. 

Storage.—Experiment shows that such natural waters as are not very pure to begin with, are greatly improved for potable purposes by storage. Suspended impurities gradually subside, carrying with them a portion of the bacterial content of the- water, thus rendering the supernatant liquid considerably purer. 

Actomyosin. Frequently, the change in amount of soluble actomyo-sin is regarded as the primary criterion of freeze denaturation. It must be remembered that solubility data do not tell precisely how much protein is denatured and how much is native rather, it provides a relative measure of denaturation. Solubility decreases have been found in frozen storage experiments with either intact muscle, protein solutions or with suspensions of isolated actomyosin. 

It has been known for decades that heat is one of the most destructive factors of anthocyanins in berry fruit juices (Jackman et al., 1987a). With strawberry preserves, it was shown as early as 1953 that the half-life time was 1 h at 100°C, 240 h at 38°C and 1300 h at 20°C. In a storage experiment with concentrates and dry powder of elderberry extracts, the stability increased 6-9 times when the temperature was reduced from 20°C to 4°C (Zajac et al., 1992). Anthocyanin degradation in anthocyanin solutions increased from 30% to 60% after 60 days when storage temperatures were increased from 10°C to 23°C (Cabrita et al., 2000). High-temperature short-time processing is recommended for maximum anthocyanin retention of foods containing anthocyanins (Jackman and Smith, 1996). 

The most common alloy used for hydrogen storage experiments is AB iron/titanium. This combination has the capacity to hold about 1.95% of its weight in hydrogen. Iron/titanium permits charging (adsorption) and de-charging (desorption) hydrogen at ambient temperatures and relatively low pressures. 

Computer simulations are an attractive snpplement to storage experiments since it will not be necessary to test all combinations of the factors before the optimal packaging and storage conditions can be chosen considering both the product shelf life and minimisation of the packaging material. 

Gas storage experiments with MOEs are typically conducted at 77 K, a temperature that is well above the critical temperature for H2. The weak... 

Figure 4.20. (a) Storage of a section of a dispersed zone of dye in one of the tubular cavities of the parallel FIA analyzer (Fig. 4.19). The zone was first loaded (Stpp/Tum 1) so that when the pump was restarted after a 4 s stop period, the outer sections of the zone were discarded (d, h, b, /, respectively). During the next stop period (Stop/Tum 2) the drum was turned back so that the stored portion of the zone was flushed out and measured (6, d, /, h, respectively). By changing the delay time, and thus the position of the dye zone in the drum, either the tail (6), the front (/i), or both tail and front portions d, f) of the dispersed zone were chopped off. The same experiment was repeated in (b), but at a lower paper speed, for a number of delay times a = 2.6, b = 2.8, c. = 3.0, d = 3.2, e - 3.4, / = 3.6, g = 3.8, h = 4.0, and / = 4.2 s), while a fixed stop period of 4 s for the load/tum cycle was preserved. The delay of 3.4 s (curve e) allows optimum repeatability of material storage and was therefore used for sample loading when running a 6 h storage experiment (c), where seven samples were loaded in parallel in seven tubular cavities (load) and measured after the storage period.

Screening of aniioxidative activity in various model systems is important prior to testing or application of antioxidants in foods. Such model qrstenis are more rapid compared to food storage experiments, and the model systems might even be more infomiaiivc in relation to antioxidant mechanisms. 

On the other hand, the above-mentioned formation of the AlsTi alloy found in stoichiometric Na(Li)AlH4/Ti-chloride reactions [139,160], was not observed when NaAlH4 was doped with less than 5 mol% titanium. The latter doping level is typical for preparation of samples for hydrogen storage experiments. Also no refiexions characteristic for metallic titanium could be observed [168,169]. 

It can be seen from the experimental value of angular selectivity is greater than the calculated value. One of the reasons is that, for this calculation the incident beam is considered as an infinite plane wave, however, the spot diameter is small in actual storage experiment. According to diffraction theory, the limited size of the beam would inevitably lead to an angle broadening, so the measured curves are broadened. 

In the Fourier transform holographic storage experiment, the imaging system is another 4f system composed of lens L5 and Lg. The object image to be stored located in the front focal plane of L5 and the CCD is placed in the back focal plane of Lg. The fulgide film is placed on the spectrum plane of the system to record the Fourier transform holograms. 

Fig. 29. Results of holographic storage experiments with different polarization recording waves on Fulgide film (a) parallel linear polarization recording (b) parallel circular polarization recording (c) orthogonal linear polarization recording (d) orthogonal circular polarization recording...

Fig. 31. Diffuse reflection object orthogonal hnearly polarization transformation type holographic storage experiment setup...

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