R-curve measurements

Figure 5.1 Force-distance F/R curves measured in the SFA for various hydrocarbon fluids (from Ref. 146). In this plot, D corresponds to h in Fig. 5.2.

Munz, D. (2007) What can we learn from R-curve measurements /. Am. Ceram. 

S. Sakaguchi, R curve measurement of alumina using straight notched or indented bending bars. Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics (Plenum Press), vol. 11, 39 51, (1996). 

Figure 4.8 Fraction of amorphous polyethylene as a function of time for crystallizations conducted at indicated temperatures (a) linear time scale and (b) logarithmic scale. Arrows in (b) indicate shifting curves measured at 126 and 130 to 128°C as described in Example 4.4. [Reprinted with permission from R. H. Doremus, B. W. Roberts, and D. Turnbull (Eds.) Growth and Perfection of Crystals, Wiley, New York, 1958.]...

Half-wave potentials, E1/2, can be obtained from current-potential curves measured using a variety of voltammetric techniques. E1/2 is a good approximation of E° when the redox couple is reversible and the diffusion coefficients of O and R are equal (119), and a few of the standard potentials in Table 16.6 were obtained in this way. When the redox couple is... 

The observed magnetization value may be used to calculate the average distance between the reversed spins. Therefore the M(H) curve, measured in experiment, in principle allows one to obtain the dependence of the effective exchange field on the spacing between interacting spins Heff(r). The measured magnetization curve (Fig. 13), however,... 

Fig. 12. Typical decay curves, measured with a boxcar integrator, following excitation of B1BrF, 6 0, P21, B—X for different quenching conditions, (a) [Br2 ] = 1-23 X 101S molecules cm 3, r = 4.18/Js (b) [Br2 ] = 6.0 X 1013 molecules cm 3, r = 24.2JJS.

The shapes of the d (r) curves in flg. 5.24 have a number of consequences that are important in the interpretation of experiments. If, for a given polymer, is measured as a function of the adsorbed amount F, there should (in dilute solutions) be no effect of the molar mass Af. However, in the steep part of the d (r) curve, which is In the (pseudo)plateau region of the adsorption isotherm. F... 

Slope measurements of the P-R curve permit calculation of the mass fraction oversize. 

The more careful fitting of the R ) curve to the two-dimensional theoretical model is shown by the dotted curve in the insert. All measurements were made at temperature 29 to 30 0 and the following parameters of E7 were used for calculations refraction indices j = 1.7238, = 1.5185 ... 

A is again 4 mm so the measured values are all higher. An attempt was made to quantify the bridging here and A does increase with the amount observed. There was a modest R curve with Gic rising to about 200 J/m over 60 mm from the initiation value of 130 J/m. ... 

A fast extraction rate was determined by the triple potentitd step electrolysis repeated in the single microdroplet/electrode system. Figure 9.5 shows the current (i) versus time (r) curve. The potential ( ) was stepped from 0.45 V (no electrolysis of FcTMA ) to 0.65 V. At 0.65 V, i rapidly decreased to a steady-state currerlt (is) and FcTMA" in the microdroplet was almost oxidized except for the solute entering the droplet during the steady-state. E was then stepped to 0.45 V and FcTMA" was extracted into the microdroplet. E was changed again to 0.65 V and the i-t curve was measured for... 

There are several similar correlation functions related to G r) by multiplicative and additive constants. They contain the same structural information but are subtly different in some detail. Their interrelationship has been discussed in detail in the literature. G r) is the function obtained directly from the Fourier transform of the scattered data. The function oscillates around zero and asymptotes to zero at high-r. It also tends to zero at r = 0 with the slope - npo, where pq is the average number density of the material. From a practical point of view G r) is an attractive function because the random uncertainties on the data (propagated from the measurement) are constant in r. This means that fluctuations in the difference between a calculated and measured G(r) curve have the same significance at all values of r. Thus, for example, if the observed fluctuations in the... 

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