Stomach Large Intestine

Mestha Man-headed Stomach, Large Intestines Isis South... 

Herbs that activate Qi movement in the Stomach, Large Intestine and Liver are selected. Herbs that regulate the blood, clear heat, remove phlegm, soothe the Stomach-Qi and tonify the weakness of Qi, blood, Yin or Yang can be added if these disorders are present. 

When damp-heat in the Upper-Jiao is not eliminated in time, it can invade the Middle-Jiao, obstruct the Qi and disturb the functions of the Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Liver and Gall Bladder. It causes digestive disorders, skin diseases, tiredness, and swelling, pain and heaviness of the muscles and joints. The lingering dampness holds the heat, which can remain in the body for a very long period of time. When the function of the Spleen is injured by damp-heat, the excess condition of damp-heat can be complicated by Spleen deficiency. 

Hou Po is pungent, warm and bitter, and enters the Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine and Lung meridians. It can effectively regulate the Qi in the chest and the whole abdomen, and reduce distension. It can also remove phlegm and dampness. 

Although Qi moves in every organ of the body, the Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine and Lung directly influence Qi movement. As the syndromes of Qi stagnation are more often seen in these organs, in this chapter the syndromes and compositions of formulas are introduced particularly for these organs. 

First, herbs that are pungent and warm, enter the Stomach, Large Intestine and Spleen meridians, can promote Qi movement and direct the Qi downwards are selected. 

Information regarding gastrointestinal effects in animals after inhalation exposure to chromium or its compounds is limited. Histological examination of the stomachs of rats exposed to sodium dichromate dihydrate at 0.2 mg chromium(VI)/m3 for 28 or 90 days revealed no abnormalities (Glaser et al. 1985). In mice exposed intermittently to 4.3 mg chromium(VI)/m3 as calcium chromate for 18 months, small ulcerations in the stomach and intestinal mucosa were reported to occur occasionally, but the incidence in the treated mice, in controls, or other details regarding these lesions were not reported (Nettesheim et al. 1971). No treatment-related histopathological lesions were found in the stomach, large intestine, duodenum, jejunum, or ileum of rats chronically exposed to chromium dioxide at 15.5 mg chromium(IV)/m3 (Lee et al. 1989). 

Esophagus Stomach Large intestine Rectum Bladder... 

Lung Breast Stomach Large intestine Rectum... 

In a re-evaluation of the Hanford cohort, which included approximately 28,000 male and female workers, Kneale et al. (1981) detected a significant increase in the cancers in radiosensitive tissues in workers exposed to external radiation. Radiosensitive tissues grouped together in their analyses included cancers of the stomach, large intestine, pancreas, pharynx, lung, breast, reticuloendothelial system (lymphoma, myeloma, myeloid leukemia and others), and thyroid. Approximately 50% of these cancers were in the lung however, smoking histories were not considered in the analysis. Of the male population, only 3% or 225 men had definite evidence of internal radiation. Due to this fact the authors stated that they could safely assume that the incidence of cancer from internal radiation was small compared with that associated with external radiation. 

The largest use of endoscopic techniques is in the examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Upper intestinal endoscopy is the examination of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum. Colonoscopy is the examination of the colon, large intestine, and in some cases the distal parts of the small intestine. Cholangiopancreatography is the examination of the biUary tree and pancreas. 

Diarrhea was observed in rats exposed for 5 days, 6 hours/day to both lethal and sublethal doses of P-endosulfan ( 250 mg/kg/day for males and i6 mg/kg/day for females) (Hoechst 1989b). Autopsy of animals from this study revealed that the mesenteric blood vessels of one of the surviving females exposed to 16 mg/kg/day were distended with blood, and that the small intestines of animals dying as a result of exposure were filled with a reddish fluid (500 mg/kg/day for males and 31.25 for mg/kg/day females). In contrast, no treatment-related effects were revealed by routine gross and histopathological examination of gastrointestinal tissues (stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas) from rats exposed to doses of 27 mg/kg/day (females) and 81 mg/kg/day (males) for 30 days, 6 hours/day,... 

Tajima, K., Tominaga, S., Dietary habits and gastro intestinal cancers A comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan, Jpn J Cancer Res, 76, 705, 1985. 

For the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, describe ... 

Fed 1080-poisoned ground squirrels (Spermophylus sp.) that contained 0.01-0.09 mg fluoroacetate/kg FW Maximum residues in dead coyotes, in mg 1080/kg FW, were 0.14 in large intestine, 0.09 in kidney, 0.07 in brain, 0.05 in stomach, and 0.03 in liver 17... 

There were no histopathological changes in the stomach, small intestines, or large intestines for rats, guinea pigs, dogs, or quail that were exposed to concentrations of 0, 260, or 5,900 ppm hexachloroethane for 8 hours or to 0, 15, 48, or 260 ppm hexachloroethane 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks (Weeks et al. 1979). 

Gastrointestinal Effects. There were no histopathological effects on the stomach, small intestines, or large intestines with inhalation or oral exposure to hexachloroethane at any concentration tested (15-5,900 ppm for the inhalation route and 1-750 mg/kg/day for the oral route) and with acute, intermediate, or chronic exposure durations (Gorzinski et al. 1985 NTP 1977, 1989 Weeks et al. 1979). The risk that humans will experience adverse effects on the gastrointestinal system as the result of exposure to hexachloroethane in the environment seems to be relatively low. 

Small intestine The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH]... 

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