Stomach function

Anisotropine inhibits secretion of digestive juices and restores normal stomach function. It is used for treating stomach ulcers. A synonym of this drug is valpin. 

As a bitter tonic without astringency, in weakness of stomach function and indigestion generally. The infusion of 1 ounce of the powdered root to 1 pint of cold water is taken in two tablespoonful doses three or four times daily. 

The stomach functions as a reservoir for ingested food and as a primary site of digestion. 

Stomachic- an agent used to promote stomach function. 

Documented effects Mature fruits are used as a bactericide, anti-inflammatory, to normalize intestine and stomach function, as a source of vitamins, and as a tonic. The bark is used as a diaphoretic, antipyretic, and diuretic. Leaves are used to treat diarrhea and as a source of vitamins. Flowers are used as an anti-inflammatory. Preparations from this species are counter-indicated during pregnancy (Maznev 2004). An extract of the seeds had antibacterial activity against 5 different species, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and had strong anti-oxidant activity (Kumarasamy et al. 2002, 2007). 

Simple life forms, such as bacteria, consist of single cells, whereas, at the other extreme, complex life forms such as animals, contain many types of cell, each having a specific function (cells in eyes, limbs, stomach, etc.). 

Encapsulated dia2innon sold as Knox-Out 2FM is a commercial encapsulated pesticide formulation said to have reduced dermal and oral toxicity as well as prolonged effectiveness. The capsules, prepared by interfacial polymeri2ation, are claimed to be highly effective against cockroaches with no objectionable odor and low insect repeUence. The capsules are beheved to function as a contact poison when insects walk on it and as a stomach poison when insects preen capsules stuck to their legs and ingest them (71). 

Aspirin and other NSAIDs function by blocking the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that carry out the body s synthesis of prostaglandins (Sections 7.11 and 27.4). There are two forms of the enzyme, COX-1, which carries out the normal physiological production of prostaglandins, and COX-2, which mediates the body s response to arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Unfortunately, both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are blocked by aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs, thereby shutting down not only tire response to inflammation but also various protective functions, including the control mechanism for production of acid in the stomach. 

Histamine is a biogenic amine that is widely distributed in the body and functions as a major mediator of inflammation and allergic reactions, as a physiological regulator of gastric acid secretion in the stomach, as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and may also have a role in tissue growth and repair. 

Unlike aspirin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitors that work on the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, acetaminophen works on the COX-3 enzyme, which is present in the spinal column and brain. This helps it to avoid shutting down prostaglandin function elsewhere in the body, which is why it has no anti-inflammatory effects and does not affect blood platelets or the stomach lining. 

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic rod that has a number of adaptive functions allowing it to live within the acidic environment of the stomach. It is an S-shaped... 

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that interferes with the normal functions of the colon. At various points in the past, IBS has been referred to as mucous colitis, spastic colon, irritable colon, or nervous stomach. IBS is generally described as afunctional disorder rather than a disease per se. A functional disorder involves symptoms that cannot be attributed to a specific injury, infection, or other physical problem. A functional disorder occurs because of altered physiologic processes rather than structural or biochemical defects and may be subject to nervous system influence. IBS is associated with frequent fluctuation in symptoms, loss of productivity, and decreased quality of life. Although IBS has been referred to as functional bowel disease, true functional bowel disease may be more indicative of widespread gastrointestinal involvement including (but not limited to) the colon. 

The pancreas is a gland in the abdomen lying in the curvature of the stomach as it empties into the duodenum. The pancreas functions primarily as an exocrine gland, although it also has endocrine function. The exocrine cells of the pancreas are called acinar cells. They produce an alkaline fluid known as pancreatic... 

Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, is the most effective agent for PD. Patients experience a 40% to 50% improvement in motor function. It is absorbed in the small intestine and peaks in the plasma in 30 to 120 minutes. A stomach with excess acid, food, or anticholinergic medications will delay gastric emptying time and decrease the amount of levodopa absorbed. Antacids decrease stomach acidity and improve levodopa absorption. Levodopa requires active transport by a large, neutral amino acid transporter protein from the small intestine into the plasma and from the plasma across the blood-brain barrier into the brain (Fig. 29-2). Levodopa competes with other amino acids, such as those contained in food, for this transport mechanism. Thus, in advanced disease, adjusting the timing of protein-rich meals in relationship to levodopa doses may be helpful. Levodopa also binds to iron supplements and administration of these should be spaced by at least 2 hours from the levodopa dose.1,8,16,25... 

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