Steroid study group

Tukiainen H, Rytila P, Hamalainen KM, Silvasti MS, Keski-Karhu J. Finnish Study Group. Safety, tolerability and acceptability of two dry powder inhalers in the administration of budesonide in steroid-treated asthmatic patients. Respir Med 2002 96(4) 221-9. 

Lydick E, Kuter BJ, Zajac BA, Guess HA. Association of steroid therapy with vaccine-associated rashes in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia who received Oka/Merck Varicella vaccine. NIAID Varicella Vaccine Collaborative Study Group. Vaccine 1989 7(6) 549-53. 

Chloroethoxyamine (224) and w-chloro homologues form O-co-chloroalkyloximes with steroidal oxo-groups at all the usual positions except C-11. These derivatives are very sensitive to electron-capture detection, and have been used for g.l.c.-m.s. studies. 

Both sonicated and imsonicated dispersions of dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine and cholesterol in water have been studied by proton nmr spectroscopy. The observed line widths provide a useful indication of the mobility of the system. Analysis of the relative intensities of the observed signals locates the steroid between the phospholipid hydrocarbon chains of the bilayer with the steroid hydroxyl group adjacent to the phosphate groups of the phosphatidylcholines [34]. The number of hydrocarbon chain gauche-trans isomers of the phosphohpid are reduced by the presence of the cholesterol molecules. 

Japanese Study Group for Renal Disease in C. Combination therapy with steroids and mizoribine in juvenile SLE a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Nephrol 2010 25(5) 877-82. 

Gss Chromatographic Estimation of Estrogens in Pregnancy Urine Trans. Meet. Int. Study Group Steroid Hormones, 2nd, Rome 1965 21-25 (Pub. 1966) CA 68 36281k... 

ABSTRACT. New synthetic hosts have been designed incorporating two molecules of cholic acid linked by a rigid diamine. Proton NMR studies indicate that the compounds exist in a rigid conformation with the steroid hydroxyl groups intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded. Heat or addition of methanol leads to conformational isomerism due to insertion of methanol into the cavity. 

Becker T, Foltys D, Bilbao I, D Amico D, Colledan M, Bernardos A, Beckebaum S, Isoniemi H, Pirenne J, Jaray J MARSI-LEA Study Group. Patient outcomes in two steroid-free regimens using tacrolimus monotherapy after daclizumab induction and tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofe-til in liver transplantation. Transplantation 2008 86(12) 1689-94. 

For pulmonary fibrosis, the role of CS is unclear (23,24). Early studies suggested a steroid-responsive group (25-27). However, with the new classification system that separates IFF from nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIF), it is reasonable to assume that most steroid responsive cases of IFF were in fact cellular NSIF and that CSs have no impact on the chronic phase of IFF (14,23,28). However, CSs may have a role in treating acute exacerbations of IFF (29). 

Endocrine Iatrogenic hypercortisolism with or without adrenal insufficiency Locally administered glucocorticoids to patients on ritonavir can cause systemic toxicity. There has been a review of the literature [302 ] on this theme and several reports have documented hypercortisolism after topically applied, inhaled or injected steroids [303-311 ]. A randomised pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in healthy volunteers [312 receiving combination of beclomethasone with ritonavir (r) and DRV/r showed that DRV /r did not increase steroid exposure, whereas ritonavir alone did (2-fold increase). Adrenal suppression was not observed in any of the study groups. Caution when prescribing steroids to HIV patients on ritonavir is advised. 

A well-studied group of organogelators are derived from anthracene and anthraquinone (4,5) [13], or steroids (6) [14], and include also compounds which contain both groups linked via a spacer (7,8) [15,16], Other organogelators of this type are an azobenzene-steroid derivatives (9) [17] and a chiral tetraline derivative (10) [18]. Aggregation of these compounds is based upon n-n stacking and solvophobic effects. Figure 2 presents some examples. 

The reaction of 9(1 l)-dehydro steroids with nitrosyl fluoride was studied by Grantz and Rosenthal in pursuit of an alternate source for the important 9a-fluoro-11-oxygenated steroids. As expected, reaction at the more hindered 9(1 l)-double bond proceeds more slowly than at either the 4- or 5-double bonds. After 10 days at 3°, 3 -acetoxy-5a-pregn-9(l l)-en-20-one (50) affords a 45% yield of the 9a-fluoro-ll-nitrimine (51). Other 9a-fluoro-ll-nitrimines were prepared and it was found that the presence of additional keto groups, particularly the 3-keto group gives rise to side products with a concomitant reduction in yield of the desired 9a-fluoro-ll-nitrimines. In the case of the A" -3-ketones the yield is reduced to 10 %. The steric hindrance... 

It is hoped that these volumes will be useful not only to the chemist who wishes to carry out synthesis in the steroid field, but also to the broader group of organic chemists who are interested in carrying out selective and stereo-chemically defined reactions, as well as protective chemistry on extraneous functional groups, during a broad range of synthetic applications. The chapter on the introduction of deuterium and by inference tritium into steroids was included because of the importance of this technique in mechanistic and metabolic studies both in the steroid and nonsteroid field. 

The NMR study of steroidal epoxides (discussed in section II-F) parallels that of the analogous thiiranes. It is possible to relate the location and configuration of the thiirane group with the angular methyl and thiirane proton resonances. The proton NMR relationships for the intermediate thiocyanatohydrins have been included inageneral NMR study of steroids. Electronic spectra may be used in the analysis of steroidal thiiranes. Spectroscopic measurements have shown the existence of a low intensity absorption in the 240-260 m region. The regular patterns of rotatory contributions of thiiranes which are comparable with those of ketones prompted an accumulation of ORD and CD data for steroidal thiiranes. 

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