Sterilant gases

Sterilant gases Adhesives, glues Cleaning fluids Paint Eelt-tip pens Stencil machines Inks Humidifiers... 

Sterilant gases, ethylene oxide, 10 664 Sterile filtration, 12 138 in fermentation, 11 36 Sterilizability... 

The filtration system as a whole (i.e., the filtration membrane and its supporting system) should be capable of being sterilized prior to being exposed to the product. This usually involves the application of dry heat, moist heat, or, in some cases, sterilizing gases. 

Furthermore, the EtO process presents wide effectiveness and possibility of validation in industrial sterilizators, when compared to the plasma sterilization process. It also shows advantages in comparison to other sterilant gases (formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide) related to permeability, diffusion, volatilization, polimerization, and compatibility. 

Cartridge-type hydrophobic membrane Filtration has largely replaced depth filtration as a means of sterilizing gases. Collection of panicles from a gas stream by membrane Filtration is, as with liquid filtration, a function of both sieving and other means of retention. Adsorption and electrostatic attraction are far more important to retention of particles in gas Filtration than in liquid Filtration. Because there are more mechanisms and interactions between pore surfaces and particles, removal of particles is more easily accomplished from gas streams than from liquids. Gases are quite satisfactorily sterilized using 0.45 pm pore size rated membranes. 

E. Adverse reproductive outcomes have been associated with or implicated in occupational exposures to heavy metals (lead and organic mercury), hospital chemical exposures (including anesthetic and sterilizing gases), and dibro-mochloropropane (a soil fumigant now banned in the United States). 

Fumigant/Sterilant Gases—gases used to kill vermin or to sterilize medical supplies and equipment. Examples are carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, and propylene oxide. 

In packaging of sterile Petri plates and other plastic disposable supplies that cannot be heat sterilized, gases like ethylene oxide or ozone are used. Given its toxic and explosive properties, ethylene oxide is not widely used in routine laboratory work. 

Sterile Filtration of Gases. Primary appHcations for sterile gas filtration are the sterilization of fermentor inlet air, fermentor vent gas, vents on water for injection tanks, and vacuum break filters during lyophilization. Operational and process considerations apply. Typically, the membrane in gas... 

Filters for use in sterile gas filtration must conform to standards similar to those mandated for sterile hquid filtration. Nondestmctive integrity tests may be apphed. The tests are performed by wetting the filter with an appropriate solvent, commonly 60/40 isopropyl alcohol/water for hydrophobic membranes, and applying air or nitrogen gas at a preset pressure. 

The objective in packaging cool sterilized products is to maintain the product under aseptic conditions, to sterilize the container and its Hd, and to place the product into the container and seal it without contamination. Contamination of the head space between the product and closure is avoided by the use of superheated steam, maintaining a high internal pressure, spraying the container surface with a bactericide such as chlorine, irradiation with a bactericidal lamp, or filling the space with an inert sterile gas such as nitrogen. 

Chlorotetrafluoro-ethane (CHCIFCF5) A potential medium pressure refrigerant for chiller applications. It is designed to replace CFC-12 as a diluent in sterilizing gas. A potential replacement for CFC-11 and-12 in rigid foam insulation applications. 

Pharmaceutical products can be sterilized by steam sterilization, dry-heat sterilization, filtration sterilization, gas sterilization, and ionizing-radiation sterilization. The USP provides monographs and standards for biological indicators required to test the validity of the sterilization process. These products must also be tested for pyrogens—fever-producing substances that arise from microbial contamination most likely thought to be endotoxins or lipopolysaccharide in the bacterial outer cell membrane. 

Ethylene oxide, a sterilizing gas, may be used to sterilize rubber components when they are part of a medical device however, the gas is readily absorbed by the rubber and sufficient time must be allowed after sterilization for the concentration of residual ethylene oxide to dissipate to acceptable levels. ... 

Alfa, M.J. Degagne, P. Olson, N. Bacterial killing ability of 10% EtO plus 90% hydrochlorofluorocarbon sterilizing gas. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 1997, 18 (9), 641-645. 

A known amount of steam is then introduced and the sterilizer is left to soak" for a short period. This is followed by injection of the sterilizing gas to its specified pressure. The sterilizer and its contents are then held under these conditions for the specified time of exposure. At the end of this period the gas is removed by evacuation and replaced by air that has passed through a bacteria-retentive filter. 

The absence of interaction between the product or packaging material and the sterilization gas must be determined beforehand. 

The load must be placed so that the sterilizing gas and the humidity penetrate it easily and uniformly if packing is employed, it must be permeable to the sterilizing agent and to the humidity. 

Uses Refrigerant CFC-12 replacement as diluent in sterilizing gas CFC-11 and -12 replacement in rigid foam insulation applies. Trade Name Synonyms Genetron 124 [Honeywell Spec. Chems. http //WWW. honeywell. com, http //WWW. specialtychem. com] 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane CAS 2837-89-0 Synonyms Freon 124 R124 Empirical C2HCIF4 Properties M.w. 136.48 Uses Refrigerant... 

Chlorotetrafluoroethane CFC-12 substitute as diluent in sterilizing gas Chlorotetrafluoroethane chain extender Toluene-2,4-diamine chain extender, PU... 

Suppliers of sterilant gas mixtures containing ethylene oxide must register with the EPA. Each cylinder must be labeled with an EPA registration number. 

Gas sterilization of spices — Gas sterilization involves the following steps (a) loading the spices, in suitable bags, into a specially designed retort (b) evacuation of the chamber (c) raising the temperature of the material to about SS C (maximum 60°C) and then add humidity (d) introduction of a predetermined quantity of the sterilant gas (e) maintenance of conditions to affect sterilization and (f) removal of the gas and sparging of the retort with air several times to remove all residuals. Ethylene oxide is most commonly used and for practical and safety purposes, is normally diluted with carbon dioxide (80%) [9]. 

Generally, sterility is synonym with the absence of any viable microorganisms including their spores. Currently, the available sterilization methods include heat sterilization (steam and hot-air sterilization), cold sterilization (gas sterilization, sterilization by ionizing radiation), sterilization by aqueous solution (aldehydes, peracetic acid, hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide), and sterilization by filtration methods. The choice of method is based on recommendations in medicinal literature, legal requirements, and the compatibility of a medical product with the method used. The decision for a particular method has to take the following factors into consideration [954] ... 

Sterilants. Prior to the development of the Montreal Protocol controls, CFC-12 was used extensively as a diluent with ethylene oxide (EO) to produce the sterilant gas... 

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